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Taxon 5.3
WHITESTELLIDES
| Semistable objects that peakmassed between 9 and 25 solarmasses. |
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Work in Progress
| Taxon 5.3 - WHITESTELLIDES |
- Whitestellides are stellides that peakmassed as whitestars.
- Whitestellides peakmassed between 9 and 25 solarmasses.
- Whitestellides form by (1) accretion.
- Whitestellides form by (2) the collapse of the accreted nucleons and nuclides.
- Whitestellides are a monocore nucleus, teelosphere, and gravitysheath.
- Whitestellides reactivate with sufficient further accretion.
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Work in Progress
| Taxonome 5.3.1 - WHITESTARS |
Whitestars
- Whitestars are understable whitestellides.
- Whitestar primary content is nucleons and nuclides.
- Whitestars are a nucleus, substrate, atmosphere, teelosphere, gravitysheath and gravitysheath interface.
- Whitestars peakmass between 9 and 25 solarmasses.
- Whitestars undergo nucleon and nuclide collapse during semistabilisation.
- Whitestar collapses are gravitycollapse, emissioncollapse, fusioncollapse, and ferriccollapse.
Caveat
The factbase for whitestar interiors is sparse. Thus whitestar
naxosnumbers are often high. Thus the following description is
taxonomically unsound.
Caveat The fate of most whitestars is to be accreted into something larger before they can semistabilise as whitestellides.
Mechanics
- Whitestar nuclides stratify by isotopenumber as conditions permit.
- Nuclide stratification is lowest isotopenumber outmost to highest isotope number inmost.
- Whitestars stratify by nuclide bonds as conditions permit.
- Whitestar stratification is gasbonding outmost through liquidbonding to solidbond inmost.
- Whitestars semistabilise as whitestellides.
- Semistabilisation is achieved by ejecting more gravitymassvelocity than is absorbed.
- Gravitymassvelocity ejections result in gravitycollapse, emissioncollapse, fusioncollapse, and ferriccollapse.
- Gravitycollapse is whitestar contraction by substrate ejection.
- Emissioncollapse is proton / nuclide contraction by photon emissions.
- Fusioncollapse is nuclide stratum contraction by nuclide fusions.
- Ferriccollapse is nucleus contraction by nuclide fusions.
Nucleus
- Whitestar nucleus primary content is whiteferric nuclides.
- Whitestar nucleuses are solidbonded and/or liquidbonded as conditions dictate.
- Whitestar nucleuses are inside a whitestar atmosphere.
- Nuclides stratify by isotopenumber as conditions permit.
- Stratification is lowest isotopenumber outmost to highest isotopenumber inmost.
- Highest isotopenumber increases with whitestar peakmass increases.
- Nucleus whiteferric fusions cause ferriccollapse.
- Ferriccollapse is nucleus contraction.
Substrate
- Whitestar substrate is content too energetic for closed orbit around whitestar nucleon / nuclide nucleuses.
- Substrate speed does not preclude substrate being absorbed by nucleon / nuclide nucleuses.
- Substrate content (1) is nuclide proton emissions.
- Substrate content (2) is nuclide decay ejections.
- Substrate
content.(3) is stripped neutron / helium drawdown.
- Substrate content (4) is teelstreams.
- Substrate content (5a) can be carried by teelstream systems.
- Substrate content (5b) can move through teelstream systems.
- Substrate heft affects nuclide packingdensity.
- Increasing heft decreases nuclide packingdensity.
- Decreasing heft increases nuclide packingdensity.
- Increasing nuclide packingdensity is whitestar collapse.
- Pre-peakmass substrate heft dominates whitestar collapse.
- Post-peakmass whitestar collapse dominates substrate heft.
- Post-peakmass substrate is forced surfaceward by increasing nuclide packingdensity.
Atmosphere
- Whitestar atmospheres are aggregations of gasbonded objects.
- Whitestar atmospheres are bound by whitestar intrinsic gravitypull.
- Atmosphere content (1) is nucleons / nuclides.
- Atmosphere content (2) is substrate.
- Nucleons stratify protons to the photosphere and neutrons to the neutronosphere.
- Nuclides stratify by isotopenumber as conditions permit.
- Nuclide stratification is lowest isotopenumber outmost to highest isotopenumber inmost.
- Atmospheres stratify by mechanisms.
- Atmosphere stratification is photosphere outmost through neutronosphere and primasphere to lithisphere inmost.
- Collectively the photosphere, neutronosphere, and primasphere are the morphisphere.
- Photosphere primary content is engorged protons.
- Photosphere primary mechanism is emissioncollapse.
- Neutronosphere primary content is engorged neutrons.
- Neutronospheres circulate engorged neutrons to the photosphere and stripped neutrons to the primasphere.
- Primasphere primary content is primalnuclides.
- Primasphere primary mechanism is manufacture of nucleons, heliums, and lithiums.
- Lithisphere primary content is lithicnuclides.
- Lithisphere primary mechanism is fusioncollapse.
Caveat:
In Core Physics photosphere definition is "the outer part of a
star's atmosphere within which protons are emitting photons in a
quantity observable a reasonable distance away from the star. This
includes chromosphere and corona.
Caveat:
In Core Physics the atmosphere / nucleus interface and the
lithicnuclide / ferricnuclide interface coincide. This is assumed so
for simplicity and may / may not actually be so.
Teelosphere
- Whitestar teelospheres are teels bound into whitestars by intrinsic gravitypull.
- Teelospheres are global teelstream systems.
- Global teelstream systems are primarily driven by whitestar spin.
- Global teelstream systems are a complex of local systems.
- Local teelstream systems are confined to a stratum or region.
- Teelstream systems are axial, centrifugal, chaotic, or a mix.
- Teelstream systems are significant substrate content.
- Global teelstreams move between whitestar centre and gravitysheath interface.
- Global teelstreams eject excess substrate across the gravitysheath interface.
- Substrate ejection is whitestar gravitycollapse.
- Teelstreams engorge morphides / nuclides.
- Teelstreams cationise axial morphides / nuclides.
- Teelstreams carrying morphides / nuclides are a plasmastream.
Gravitysheath
- Whitestar
gravitysheaths surround the nucleus.
- Within a gravitysheath the
gravitypull of the nucleus is stronger than the gravitypull of any
other object.
- Gravitysheaths are surrounded by a gravitysheath interface.
- Gravitysheath interfaces are where the gravitysheaths of adjacent objects abut.
- Objects with a gravitysheath wholly inside the gravitysheath interface of a whitestar are dominance adjacent.
Engorgement
- Engorgement (1) is objects maintained in constant understability by their attunement to teelstream heft.
- Engorgement (2) is objects maintained in constant understability by their attunement to substrate heft.
- All lithicnuclides / ferricnuclides isotopes in a whitestar are engorged.
- Engorged isotopes are stableable, understable, or overstable.
- Stableable isotopes become stable when engorgement ceases.
- Understable isotopes decay directly or indirectly to stable isotopes when engorgement ceases.
- Overstable isotopes decay directly or indirectly to stable isotopes when engorgement ceases.
- Overstable isotopes become understable if engorgement continues.
Emission
- Emission (1) is proton stabilisation.
- Emission (2) is tralphium stabilisation.
- Whitestar protons are engorged.
- Whitestar protons are continuously emitting.
- Proton emissions are from proton toruses.
- Emitted objects are fundamides, photides, and electroids.
- Emissions from protons in the photosphere may escape from the whitestar before absorption.
- Emissions from protons bound into nuclides are unlikely to escape from the whitestar before absorption.
- Whitestar tralphiums are engorged and do not stabilise.
- Tralphium emissions are from tralphium toruses.
- Tralphium emissions take place in the primasphere.
- Emitted objects are fundamides, photides, and morphides.
- Emitted objects able to rise to the photosphere may escape from the whitestar.
Emissioncollapse
- Emissioncollapse is whitestar contraction by the escape of proton emissions.
- Emissioncollapse continues until whitestars semistabilise as whitestellides.
- Proton emissions continue low-level after semistabilisation as attunement.
Fusion
- Fusion (1) is strongforcing nucleon to nucleon.
- Fusion (2) is strongforcing nucleon / helium to nuclide.
- Nucleon to nucleon fusions:
- Such fusions happen in whitestar morphispheres.
- Such fusions make primalnuclides
- Primalnuclide tralphiums manufacture (1) helium isotopes.
- Primalnuclide Helium-3 manufactures (2) lithicnuclide isotopes.
- Nucleon / helium to nuclide fusions:
- Such fusions happen in whitestar lithispheres.
- Such fusions make successively heavier lithicnuclide isotopes.
- Such fusions absorb less gravitymassvelocity than is ejected.
- Lithicnuclides increase absorption / decrease ejection with successive fusions.
- Absorptions / ejections are near equal with the heaviest lithicnuclide isotopes (manganeses).
- Lithicnuclide fusions cause fusioncollapse.
- Nucleon / helium to nuclide fusions:
- Such fusions happen (b) in whitestar nucleuses.
- Such fusions make successively heavier ferricnuclide isotopes.
- Such fusions absorb more gravitymassvelocity than is ejected.
- Ferricnuclides increase absorption / decrease ejection with successive fusions.
- Absorption / ejection are near equal when fusing the lightest ferricnuclide isotopes (irons).
- Ferricnuclide fusions cause ferriccollapse.
Fusioncollapse
- Fusioncollapse is contraction of whitestar lithisphere stratums.
- Fusioncollapse in dwarfstars is primary semistabilisation process.
- Fusioncollapse in whitestars is secondary semistabilisation process.
- Fusioncollapse happens post-peakmass.
- Fusioncollapse is caused by:
- Decreasing stripped object drawdown.
- Decreasing fusion numbers.
- Decreasing substrate content.
- Increasing lithicnuclide extant mutual gravitypull /decreasing lithicnuclide potential mutual gravitypull.
- Increasing whitestar extant intrinsic gravitypull / decreasing potential whitestar intrinsic gravitypull.
- Ejection of substrate content by lithisphere contraction.
Ferriccollapse
- Ferriccollapse is contraction of whitestar nucleus stratums.
- Ferriccollapse is whitestar primary semistabilisation process.
- Ferriccollapse happens pre-peakmass and post-peakmass.
- Ferriccollapse is caused by:
- More nuclides gravitymassvelocity absorption than ejection.
- Decreasing substrate content.
- Increasing extant ferricnuclide mutual gravitypull / decreasing potential ferricnuclide mutual gravitypull.
- Increasing extant whitestar intrinsic gravitypull / decreasing potential whitestar intrinsic gravitypull.
- Ejection of substrate content by nucleus contraction.
- Ferriccollapse begins when ferricnuclides begin to form.
- Ferriccollapse accelerates with fusion of heavier ferricnuclides.
- Ferriccollapse acceleration increases with increasing peakmass.
Neutroncore
- Neutroncores are stripped neutron spheres.
- Neutroncores are at whitestar nucleus centre.
- Neutroncores may / may not contain stripped heliums.
- Neutroncore content is drawdown from morphisphere.
- Neutroncore content is unfused drawdown.
- Neutroncore volumes increase with increasing peakmass.
- Neutroncores may / may not stratify heliums (1) inside neutron stratum.
- Neutroncores may / may not stratify heliums (2) outside neutrons stratum.
- Neutroncore heliums may / may not dissipate to neutrons by teelstream heft / neutroncore packingdensity.
Neutroncore collapse
- Neutroncore collapse is contraction caused by ferriccollapse.
- Ferriccollapse is contraction of ferricnuclide stratums.
- Ferricnuclide stratums contract inward to collapse the neutroncore.
- Ferricnuclide contraction rate increases with increasing peakmass.
- Neutroncore collapse degree increases with increasing peakmass.
- Neutroncore neutron packingdensity increases with increasing peakmass.
Aftermath
- Post-collapse neutroncore is neutronstar nucleus.
- Neutronstars are a nucleus and teelosphere.
- Neutronstar nucleuses may / may not have a helium core.
- Neutronstar nucleuses may / may not have a helium surface.
- Neutronstar nucleuses may / may not have an ocean.
- Neutronstar nucleuses may / may not have an atmosphere.
- Neutronstar nucleuses may / may not have a photosphere.
- Neutronstar global teelstream system may /may not be axial.
- Neutronstars are 1 to 3 solarmasses.
- Neutronstar diameters are 10 to 20 miles.
- Neutronstar nucleuses are solidbonded.
- Neutronstar nucleuses have high intrinsic masspush.
- Neutronstar nucleuses have high intrinsic gravitypull.
- Neutronstar nucleuses have high spinrate.
- Neutronstars initially are highly understable.
- Neutronstars initially have high spinrate.
- Neutronstar teelstream system ejects substrate as gravitycollapse.
- Neutronstar photosphere (if any) emits emissions as emissioncollapse.
- Neutronstar understability degree decreases.
- Neutronstar spinrate decreases.
- Neutronstars semistabilise as whitestellides.
- Semistabilisation is (1) teelstream attunement.
- Semistabilisation is (2) gravitypull attunement.
- Sufficient accretion increases whitestellide understability.
- Sufficient accretion reactivates whitestellides as stars.
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© 2024 - Ed Winchester / Sian Winchester
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SUPERSEDED MATTER
FUSION
Strongforcing nucleons and/or nuclides together to create a more gravitymassive nuclide.
S2 STARSSTRUCTURELIFECYCLE- S2 stars -
- S2 stars -
- S2 stars -
- Undergo
- Ferriccore contraction to neutronstars.
- Stabilisation contraction to cold neutronstars.
STABILISATIONPLASMATISATION- S2 star interiors are circulating plasmastreams.
- S2 star isotopes are stratified inwardly by increasing massdensity.
- Plasmastream circulations are vertical, horizontal, and often vortexed.
- Plasmastreams cross the interfaces between isotope stratums.
- Isotopes move with plasmastreams but their ability to move out of their stratums is limited.
- Plasmastream circulation patterns are influenced but not dominated by the isotopes within them.
- Isotope circulation patterns are influenced but not dominated by the plasmastreams they are within.
CONTRACTION
NEUTRONSTARS Objects resulting from the collapse of supergiantstars.
NARRATIVE
DESCRIPTION
VERSION: 17TH APRIL 2021
ACCRETIDES A taxa of three taxons: terrars, tractars, and clapsars.
TRACTARS
- ("Tractars" - a contraction of "contractars".)
- Tractars are stars that contract after peakmass to become stable as cold blackdwarfs.
- The least massive tractars are browndwarfs with a peakmass of approximately 0.8 solarmasses.
- The most massive tractars are redgiants with a peakmass of approximately 9 solarmasses.
- Empirical confirmation: partial.
TRACTAR STRUCTURE
- Nucleus Plasmatised isotopes stratified by massdensity from surface to centre.
- Atmosphere Plasmatised nucleons, isotopes, and molecules stratified by massdensity.
- Teelosphere Locally centrifugal and globally axial.
TRACTAR ORIGINS
- Primary tractars Accretions of teels.
- Secondary tractars Accretions of the ejecta of earlier tractars and clapsars.
TRACTAR LIFECYCLE
- Tractars form by accretion.
- Accretion makes the tractars understable.
- Stabilisation and accretion operate in tandem.
- Growth continues as long as accretion dominates stabilisation.
- Growth stops at peakmass which is when accretion and stabilisation equilibrate.
- Stabilisation now dominates accretion.
- Later large accretions reassert accretion dominance leading to higher peakmass.
- Stabilisation continues until accretion ceases.
- The tractar is now a cold blackdwarf.
- Further accretion reactivate cold blackdwarfs.
TRACTAR STABILISATION
- Stabilisation is by emission, ejection, and eviction.
- Emissions are of photons from:
- the stabilisation of nucleons and isotopes.
- the fusion of nucleons and isotopes.
- Ejection is teels from the understable teelosphere.
- Evictions are of electrons, protons, and heliums and is driven by:
- absorption of photons from the stabilisation of nucleons and isotopes.
- absorption of teels from the teelosphere.
TRACTAR FUSION
- Tractar fusion is by the downward drift of stripped neutrons, stripped deuteriums, and stripped heliums.
- Rule of thumb: the greater the tractar peakmass, the greater mass of the isotopes that can be fused.
- Browndwarfs with a peakmass of around 0.8 solarmasses are able to fuse deuteriums
- Redgiants with a peakmass of around 9 solarmasses are able to fuse transuranics.
- The
intrinsic gravitypull of redgiants is not enough to
contract its stratums of fissile radioisotopes to criticalmass.
TRACTAR STRATIFICATION
- Tractars stratify their isotopes by the massdensity of the nucleus of each isotope type.
- The isotopes are engorged by and attuned to their plasmastreams.
- The plasmastreams move vertically as well as horizontally.
- The
ability of isotope types to move vertically with their plasmastream is
limited by how able they are to move with, and between isotopes
with more massdense nuclei.
- Rule
of thumb: vertical intermingling of isotope types is hardest in
the solidbonded core (the isotopes are engorged so some movement still
happens), easier in the liquidbonded ocean, and easiest in the
gasbonded atmosphere.
TRACTAR PLASMATISATION- Tractar interiors are circulating plasmastreams.
- a plasmatised core of solidbonded isotopes at the tractar centre.
- surrounded by plasmatised liquidbonded isotopes.
- surrounded by plasmatised gasbonded isotopes.The interior of a tractor consists of stratified plasmastreams.
- The plasmastreams circulation patterns are influenced but not dominated by the isotopes within them.
- The weight of the plasmastreams engorges the isotopes.
- The engorged radioisotopes are unable to transmute, decay, or fission.
- Protons downwelling in the plasmatised outer stratum transmute to neutrons.
- Neutrons downwelling into the isotope stratums are stripped.
- Stripped neutrons downward drift through plasmastreams and fuse with other neutrons and engorged isotopes.
TRACTAR CONTRACTION
- Inside tractars, isotopes emit photons due to their engorgement.
- The photons are in such quantity that they are emission pressure.
- Emission pressure reinforces the engorgement in keeping isotope nuclei apart.
- Nonferric isotopes emit photons during fusion which reinforces the emission pressure..
- ferric isotopes emit photons due to their engorgement.
- Some ferric isotopes fuse to neutrons without the neutron transmuting and thus without any fusion emission of photons.
- Ferric isotopes also fuse to stripped heliums with no fusion emission of photons.
- Thus in ferric isotope stratums, the emission pressure is reduced.
- The massdensity of ferric isotope nuclei is greater than that of nonferric isotope nuclei.
- Thus ferric isotopes are in tractar centre and surrounded by the nonferric isotopes.
- Thus the tractar intrinsic gravitypull is greater among the ferric isotopes than among the nonferric isotopes.
- Tractars require a given peakmass before they begin fusing ferric isotopes.
- As
increasingly massdense types of ferric isotopes are fused, the
reducing emission pressure and increasing intrinsic gravitypull
progressively decrease the effectiveness of the engorgement at keeping
isotope nuclei apart.
- The ferric isotope core contracts.
- The higher the peakmass, the higher the massdensity of the ferric isotopes, and the more rapid the contraction.
TRACTAR EVICTION
- The rate at which a ferric isotope core contracts increases with the massdensity of the isotopes being fused.
- The increasing packing density of the ferric isotopes reduces their gravitysheaths and their teelospheres.
- Teels are forced out of the ferric isotope core.
- The greater the packing density, the greater ejection of the teels out of the ferric core.
- The higher the peakmass, the more rapid is the contraction.
- At the highest of tractar peakmasses, the contraction of the ferric core is rapid
- teels are forced out of the ferric core at high speed.
- The teels pass outward through the nonferric isotopes.
- With the most rapid of contractions, the outer layers of the tractar are evicted as a nebula.
TRACTAR PROTONS
- The massdensity of protons is less than that of neutron or any isotope.
- Consequently protons are the stratum outside the neutron stratum which is outside the isotope strata.
- The protons are plasmatised and engorged.
- The protons are constantly emitting photons.
- The protons are in plasmastreams.
- The plasmastreams carry the protons downward and upward as well as horizontally.
- When protons are carried downward, the weight of plasmastream increases.
- At a specific depth, the weight of the plasmastream overengorges the protons which transmute to neutrons.
- When protons are carried upward, the weight of the plasmastream decreases.
- At a specific depth, the weight of the plasmastream reduces sufficiently for the neutrons to transmute to protons.
TRACTAR LIFESPAN
CAVEAT In the Current Paradigm, the fusion cycle is set of theories, each with a different process for its part of the cycle. Simplification is currently impossible because a) there are logictraps in play, and b) the engorgement of isotopes during plasmatisation isn't understood. In Core Physics, one fusion process covers the whole cycle.This is possible because the plasmatic engorgement of isotopes enables even the radioactive and transuranic isotopes to form and endure without any need for explosive nucleosynthesis.
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MISCELLANEOUS
Fusion takes place in stars and collapsars as
one of their stabilisation mechanisms. Through fusion, nucleons are
fused into isotopes. The isotopes are then progressively fused into
isotopes of successively greater mass. The most massive isotope that
can be fused is currently unknown.
The highest mass to which an
isotope can be fused mostly depends on the peakmass of the star or
collapsar. The minimum peakmass required for fusion to begin is
0.8 solarmasses which is the lowest peakmass of
the browndwarfs. The peakmass of browndwarfs is enough for the
fusion of deuteriums, heliums, and lithiums. The highest peakmasses
may exceed 35 solarmasses, the highest peakmass of the
hypergiants. The peakmass of the hypergiants is enough the fuse the
entire known ranges of isotopes, the most massive being the transuranics.
Fusion
can result from isotopes being forced together sufficiently closely to
strongforce together. However most fusion is by the absorption of
stripped neutrons, stripped deuteriums and stripped heliums.
Most
of the isotopes in a star or collapsar are in plasmastream that contain
one or just a few isotope types. The isotopes in a plasmastream are
engorged. The engorgement prevents other isotope types from entering
the plasmastream. It doesn't, however, prevent the passage of the
stripped objects which, in losing their teelospheres lose most of their
repellence. Such objects are able to fuse with isotopes because they
cannot be prevented from colliding with isotope nuclei.
When an
isotope absorbs a neutron, deuterium, or helium, per the energy/mass
differential, its energyvelocity increases more than its massvelocity.
Thus, it is now understable. If it is subferric, the stabilisation
is by the ejection of teels and the emission of photons and
electrons. and emission. If it is superferric, it can also be by the
eviction of neutrons and heliums and by fission into two or more
lesser isotopes..
* * * * *
THRESHOLD FUSION
This is the fusion of deuteriums, heliums,
and lithiums. Threshold fusion is a stage that all stars and
collapsars must go through before becoming able to fuse the more
massive isotopes. It continues throughout an accretides fusion life but
it is less significant as higher mass isotopes are fused.
Suitable accretides
have an outer stratum of protons gasbonded by their motion and engorged
by their plasmatisation. Plasmatisation weight increases from the
surface of the accretide to its centre. Likewise, intrinsic
gravitypull increases from surface to the centre. At some distance
below the surface, protons are overengorged into neutrons.
Courtesy of the higher massdensity of their nuclei, the neutrons sink
to form a stratum below that of the protons.
Stratification is complicated by many factors, among them:
- Constantly engorged protons are constantly emitting photons and subphotonics.
- The accretide is spinning, imparting centrifugality.
- Plasmatisation magnetises, imparting axiality.
- Teelstream systems are complex and fast.
- Upwelling transmutes motion to potential motion. Downwelling transmutes potential motion to motion.
- Vortices.
The
consequence is turbulence. However, within this turbulence nucleons are
strongforced into isotopes and isotopes are fused into more massive
isotopes. The isotopes stratify according to the massdensity of the
nuclei, turbulence permitting.
Neutrons are less massive than
any isotope but their nuclei are more massdense. Consequently, and
due to the intrinsic gravitypull of the accretide, they are able
to "fall" between the nuclei of the engorged isotopes. As the mass of
the engorged isotopes progressively increases, the neutrons are
progressively stripped of their teelospheres and thus of their
repellence. The less the repellence of a stripped neutron, the more
easily it fuses into an isotope. It is likely that most threshold
fusion is stripped neutron to isotope rather than isotope to
isotope.
It may well be that most fusion is Consequently, the bottom stratum is always of neutrons.
Fusion
is strongforcing taking place inside accretides. Strongforcing is
objects being brought sufficiently together that their mutual
gravitypull dominates their mutual repellence. Many options are
possible for forming the isotopes deuterium to lithium although
consensus in the Current Paradigm is that that the probably options are
less. Consider all the options:
- Two protons "may" strongforce together to become Deuterium-2 by transmuting one proton to a neutron.
- One proton "may" strongforce to a neutron to become Deuterium-2.
- Two neutrons "may" strongforce together to become Deuterium-2 by transmuting one neutron to a proton.
- One neutron
"may" strongforce to a Deuterium-2 to become Deuterium-3
(sufficiently engorged, Deuterium-3 endures: insufficiently
engorged, Deuterium-3 transmutes to Helium-3).
- One neutron "may" strongforce to a Deuterium-3 to become Helium-4 by transmuting one neutron to a proton.
- One neutron "may" strongforce to a Helium-3 to become Helium-4.
- Two Deuterium-2 "may" strongforce together to become Helium-4.
- One
Deuterium-2 "may" strongforce to a Deuterium-3 to become Helium-5
(sufficiently engorged, Helium-5 endures. Insufficiently engorged,
Helium-5 decays to Helium-4).
- One Deuterium-2 "may" strongforce to Helium-4 to become Lithium-6.
- One
Deuterium-3 "may" strongforce to a neutron to become Deuterium-4
(sufficiently engorged, Deuterium-4 endures: insufficiently engorged,
Deuterium-4 transmutes to Helium-4).
- One Deuterium -3 "may" strongforce to Helium-4 to become Lithium-7.
An
alternate route to fusion employs stripped neutrons. As neutrons form
from overengorged protons, their greater massdensity allows them to
fall through the strata of increasingly massive isotopes. They are
aided in this by the way the increasingly massive isotopes increasingly
strip away their teelospheres and thus reduce their repellence. The
less repellence a neutron has, the more easily it can strongforce to an
isotope.
CAVEAT
Given the turbulent conditions in these accretides, all the
above fusions are possible. That, however, doesn't mean they
are all probable. Hence the use of the word "may".
STRIPPED DEUTERIUMS Engorged deuteriums with reduced gravitysheaths and commensurately reduced teelospheres and repellence.
STRIPPED HELIUMS Engorged heliums with reduced gravitysheaths and commensurately reduced teelospheres and repellence.
Helium stripping happens in plasmastreams when an engorged helium isotope enters the gravitysheath of an engorged more massive isotope (dominance adjacency). There is a consequent reduction in the volume of the helium's gravitysheath. The closer the helium is to the nucleus of the dominant isotope, the greater is the reduction. The greater the mass of the dominant isotope, the greater is the reduction.
- A Helium-4 nucleus is symmetrical and tightly bound.
- A Helium-4 teelosphere is centrifugal.
- A helium's engorged teelosphere fills the gravitysheath.
- A heliums gravitysheath volume is reduced inside the gravitysheath of a dominant isotope.
- Reducing the gravitysheath volume reduces the teelosphere volume.
- Reducing the teelosphere volume ejects teels into the teelosphere of the dominant isotope.
- Ejecting teels reduces the helium's teelospheric repellence.
- Reductions in teelospheric repellence increase with increasing closeness to the dominant nucleus.
- Reductions in teelospheric repellence increase with increases in the mass of the dominant nucleus.
- A
sufficiently massive dominant isotope will strip a sufficiently close
helium of all teelosphere and thus of all teelospheric repellence.
- The repellence of a wholly stripped helium is that of its nucleus only.
Stripping the teelospheric repellence from a helium is a significant factor in the fusion process. A reduction in repellence is a reduction in resistance to the gravitypull of a dominant isotope. Strip away enough resistance and a helium can collide with its dominant nucleus. If the collision is at the right speed, the right inclination, and at a sweet spot, the two nuclei strongforce together. Once the consequent ejections, emissions, evictions, and transmutations are complete, they have fused into a more massive isotope.
The structure of a Helium-4 nucleus is tightly bound and with a substantially higher massdensity than all more massive isotopes. Consequently heliums mostly maintain their identity when fusing. Thus Carbon-12 is three Helium-4, Oxygen-16 is four Helium-4, and so on.
Stripped of much of the teelospheric repellence, heliums move with relative ease between (and colliding but not fusing with) dominant isotope nuclei. They can travel substantial distances with the direction of that travel being, overall, downward. Having a greater massdensity than any dominant isotope, they respond to the intrinsic gravitypull of their star and move toward the masscentre.
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STRIPPED NEUTRONS Engorged neutrons with reduced gravitysheaths and commensurately reduced teelospheres and repellence.
Neutron stripping happens in plasmastreams when an engorged neutron enters the gravitysheath of an engorged isotope. There is a consequent reduction in the volume of the neutron's gravitysheath. The closer the neutron is to the nucleus of the isotope, the greater is the reduction. The greater the mass of the isotope, the greater is the reduction.
- A neutron teelosphere is centrifugal.
- An engorged centrifugal teelosphere fills the neutron gravitysheath.
- The volume of a neutron gravitysheath, when inside an isotope gravitysheath, is reduced.
- Reducing the gravitysheath volume reduces the teelosphere volume.
- Reducing the teelosphere volume ejects teelmass into the isotope teelosphere.
- Ejecting teelmass reduces teelospheric repellence.
- Reductions in teelospheric repellence increase with closeness to the isotope nucleus.
- Reductions in teelospheric repellence increase with the mass of the isotope nucleus.
- An
isotope of sufficient mass will strip a neutron that is sufficiently
close of all its teelosphere and thus of all its teelospheric
repellence.
- The repellence of a wholly stripped neutron is that of its nucleus only.
Stripping the teelospheric repellence from a neutron is a significant factor in the fusion process. A reduction in repellence is a reduction in resistance to isotope gravitypull. Strip away enough resistance and a neutron nucleus can collide with an isotope nucleus. If the collision is at the right speed, the right inclination, and at a sweet spot, the two nuclei strongforce together. Once the consequent ejections, emissions, evictions, and transmutations are complete, they have fused into a more massive isotope.
Stripped of their teelospheric repellence, neutrons move with relative ease between (and sometimes colliding but not fusing with) isotope nuclei. They can travel substantial distances with the direction being, overall, downward. Having a greater massdensity than any isotope, they respond to the intrinsic gravitypull of their star and move toward the masscentre.
The ability of stripped neutrons to pass between isotope nuclei is crucial in the evolution of ferric isotopes. These consist of fifty or more nucleons most of which are as heliums. Stripped neutrons pass between the heliums to lodge at the masscentre of the isotope where they become a neutroncore, courtesy of their greater massdensity. The more massive the ferric isotope, the more neutrons are contained in its neutroncore.
Debatably, even before the contraction of contractastars or the collapse of collapsastars, stripped neutrons may, courtesy of their greater massdensity, form a plasmatised core at their masscentres.
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STRIPPED NEUTRONS Neutrons
have centrifugal teelospheres inside a gravitysheath. Being
understable, all neutrons are equatorially ejecting teels across
the gravitysheath interface. Having a centrifugal teelosphere and being
understable gives neutrons a high repellence. Inside an accretide, the
extrinsic gravitypull of nucleons is less than that of every
isotope (the mass of the least substantial isotope (Deuterium-2)
is almost double (2.014UTM) that of a neutron (1.008UTM)).
Conversely, the massdensity of neutrons is higher than that of all
isotopes.
Neutrons have gravitysheaths. So too
have isotopes. The extent of an object's gravitysheath depends on
the extrinsic gravitypull of adjacent objects relative to its own
extrinsic gravitypull. Place a neutron between two isotopes and
the volume of its gravitysheath is reduced commensurately. Place a
neutron between pairs of very massive isotopes and the gravitysheath is
reduced very much.
Reducing the extent of a neutron's
gravitysheath strips it of some of its teelosphere and thus some of
its repellence. The stripping becomes progressively more
pronounced as the mass of the adjacent isotopes increases. At its most
extreme, neutrons can be little more than a nucleus held apart from
adjacent isotopes by the teelstream system.
Stripping a neutron
of some or all of its repellence has two significant effects. The first
is that if its velocity relative to adjacent isotopes is
appropriate it can be absorbed into the isotope and fused. The second
is that if its velocity does not allow its absorption, its high
massdensity allows it to fall between isotopes (which are engorged
meaning the distance between their nuclei is substantial) toward the
centre of the accrotide.
Especially with the more massive isotopes, absorbing stripped neutrons is their principle method of fusion.
STRIPPED HELIUMS
The Helium-4 isotope is symmetrically structured. Its
teelosphere is centrifugal. The symmetry of its structure gives it a
massdensity less than that of any more massive isotope. The higher
massdensity enables heliums to "fall" toward the accretide masscentre
in between the nuclei of more massive isotopes. This is aided by the
ability of more massive isotopes to strip heliums of their teelospheres
and thus of their repellence.
Engorged heliums have a strongly
repellent but extensive teelosphere. Place a helium between two larger
isotopes and the volume of its gravitysheath is reduced along with a
proportion of its teelosphere. Reducing the teelosphere commensurately
reduces repellence. The proportion of teelosphere and repellence
reduces increases with the mass of the adjacent isotopes.
The
reduction in repellence increases the likelihood that heliums are
absorbed by larger isotopes and strongforced into their nuclei.
The
mass of neutrons is less than that of any isotope. However, the
massdensity of neutron nuclei is greater than that of any isotope.
The
mass and the teelosphere repellence of a neutron is such that the
mutual gravitysheath interface between it and any nucleons to which it
is strongforced is roughly equidistant between.
The mass of
a neutron is less than the mass of any isotope. es of neutrons is less
than the masses of any isotope. However, the massdensity of neutrons is
greater than that of any isotope. Place a neutron on the gravitysheath
interface between two isotopes and the gravitysheath of the neutron is
much reduced resulting in it being stripped of much of its teelosphere.
Commensurately reduced is neutron repellence.
THE MORE MASSIVE THE ISOTOPE, THE MORE EXTENSIVE AND THE MORE REPELLENT IS ITS TEELOSPHERE.
PRIMARY FUSION The fusion of nucleons into deuteriums and heliums. Facilitated by the ability of :
PLASMATISATION
Stars and collapsars are strongly plasmatised. The overarching
teelstream system is axial. The secondary teelstream systems in the
atmosphere visible as upwelling of neutrons into the mainly proton
outer atmosphere.
OUTER ATMOSPHERE
The plasmatisation of the outer atmosphere is not enough to
engorge protons into neutrons. Thus, turbulence permitting, the upper
reaches of the atmosphere are an outer stratum of protons over an inner
stratum of neutrons.
is of protons. Neutrons are
marginally more massive than protons All nucleons and isotopes are
engorged when they are in a plasma. The weight of the teelstream is
such In a plasma, neutrons are engorged
NOTES FOR LATER
- Fusion happens when an isotope absorbs an electron, neutron, deuterium or helium.
- The objects absorbed are "slow".
- The
act of fusing renders the receiving isotope understable with the
subsequent stabilisation being by ejection, emission, or eviction
depending on location and circumstances.
- ???
Especially in the more massive accretides, fusion is by the
outward trickle of slow neutrons from the neutroncore, followed by the
eviction of slow electroids, neutrons, and heliums.
- Fusion is affected by the density in stratums.
- The denser the stratum, the smaller (relatively) is the volume of an isotope's gravitysheath.
- Thus
when a low mass understable isotope stabilises the escape velocity is
relatively high and the stabilising is by ejection or emission and the
energy and mass lost is relatively high.
- Thus when a
high mass understable isotope stabilises the escape velocity is
relatively low and the stabilisation is by ejection and the energy and
mass lost is relatively low.
- Thus the amount of energy
and mass lost during fusion progressively decreases (relatively) as the
mass of the stabilising isotope increases.
- Thus around iron, energy and mass is no longer lost during fusion.
- Consider this: Stars radiate inward as much as outward.
- Consider this: Fusion may actually be the inward trickle of slow electrons, neutrons, and heliums.
- Consider
this: The neutron nucleus is, mass over volume, "heavier" than
any isotope. Thus the stabilisation of stars could be the steady
trickle of neutrons moving directly or indirectly toward (and
increasing) the neutron core.
- Consider this: the sequence
whereby radioactive isotopes stabilise as lead or bismuth may actually
work in reverse due to pressure inside stars, blackholes, and galaxies.
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