PHOTIDES

COREPHYSICS

CORE PHYSICS LINKS

PREAMBLE

TAXONOMIC TABLE

GLOSSARY

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Taxa 1
FUNDAMIDES

Taxon 1.1
Teels

Taxon 1.2
Teelons

Taxa 2
PHOTIDES

Taxon 2.1
Photinos

Taxon 2.2
Photons

Taxa 3
MORPHIDES

Taxon 3.1
Electroids

Taxon 3.2
Nucleons

Taxa 4
NUCLIDES

Taxon 4.1
Primalnuclides

Taxon 4.2
Lithicnuclides

Taxon 4.3
Ferricnuclides

Taxon 4.4
Bismicnuclides

Taxa 5
STELLIDES

Taxon 5.1
Protostellides

Taxon 5.2
Dwarfstellides

Taxon 5.3
Whitestellides

Taxon 5.4
Blackstellides

Taxon 5.5
Galastellides

* * * * *

PREVIOUS ITERATIONS

The Blue Book (1996)

Principia Cosmologica(2008)

Template(2014)

Taxa 2

PHOTIDES

Monocore objects manufactured in the toruses of protons and tralphiums from numbers of teels.

Revised: 07 December 2024

PHOTIDE LINKS

CURRENT PHYSICS PARADIGM

Standard Model of Elementary Particles
Special Theory of Relativity
Supersymmetry (SUSY)

Photinos
Photons

COREPHYSICS

Photides (taxa 1)

Photinos (taxon 2.1)
Photons (taxon 2.2)

COMPARISONS

Standard Model of Elementary Particles
Colourshift
Colourshift Process
Cosmological Redshift
Michelson-Morley experiment
Photinos
Photons
Speed of light
Stability
Time Dilation

CURRENT PHYSICS PARADIGM

The models and favoured methods of research, interpretation, and verification currently believed to provide the most likely description of the Universe's objects and interactions.

CONTEXT

In Corephysics photinos and photons have the same structure but behave differently in a specific aspect. Neither is fundamental.
In the Current Physics Paradigm the photino is a hypothetical photon "superpartner". The photon is a quantum of "energy". Both are fundamental/

STANDARD MODEL OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

The fundamental theory in physics that describes the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions that govern the behaviour of the elementary quarks and leptons.

PHOTONS

Massless particles that act as the quantum of electromagnetic radiation and are classified as bosons. They carry energy and momentum, travel at the speed of light, and mediate the electromagnetic force. Photons are responsible for light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.

SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

A theory proposing two fundamental principles: that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames and that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant for all observers.

PHOTONS

A photon travels at the speed of light in a vacuum because it has no mass so its energy is entirely due to its motion, because the structure of spacetime dictates that the speed of light is the maximum speed at which anything can travel, and because moving at any other speed would contradict the principles of relativity and result in the particle having no energy or not existing at all.

SUPERSYMMETRY (SUSY)

A theoretical framework that extends the Standard Model of Elementary Particles by proposing a symmetry between bosons (force carriers) and fermions (matter particles).

PHOTINOS

Hypothetical particles that are photon superpartners. They are fermions having mass and a half-integer spin. They interact weakly and are a candidate for darkmatter.

COREPHYSICS

is a taxonomical classification of the empirically confirmed interactions, structures, and mechanisms of the Universe's stableable and semistableable objects.

PHOTIDES (taxa 2)

is a taxa consisting of two taxons: photinos and photons.

photinos are hypothetical.

photons are the least substantial "objects" empirically confirmed to exist.

are a monocore nucleus inside a teelosphere inside a gravitysheath inside a gravitysheath interface.

photons are in colourshift equilibrium and thus only move at lightspeed.
photinos are not in colourshift equilibrium and thus can move above and below lightspeed.

can be decay products.
are primarily manufactured in the toruses of understable protons and tralphiums.

PHOTINOS (taxon 2.1)

are a monocore nucleus inside a centrifugal teelosphere inside a gravitysheath inside a gravitysheath interface.

at low gravitymasses the nucleus may or may not be wholly liquidbonded.
at higher gravitymasses the nucleus is solidbonded and may or may not be inside a liquidbonded stratum.

are semistableable thus constantly altering the gravitymass of the nucleus by gravitypull attunement and teelstream attunement per the colourshift process.
are manufactured in the toruses of understable protons and tralphiums.
are superluminal on emission from the torus exhaust.
semistabilise outside the photonband.

PHOTONS (taxon 2.2)

are a solidbonded and liquidbonded monocore nucleus inside a centrifugal teelosphere inside a gravitysheath inside a gravitysheath interface.
are semistableable and thus constantly altering the gravitymass of the nucleus by gravitypull attunement and teelstream attunement per the colourshift process.
are manufactured in the toruses of understable protons and tralphiums.
are superluminal on emission from the torus exhaust.
semistabilise inside the photonband.

TORUSES

are semistabilisation mechanisms in the nucleuses of protons (taxon 3.2) and tralphiums (taxon 4.1).

proton nucleuses consist of two axial axiquarks and one centrifugal centriquark.
tralphium nucleuses consist of two axial protons and one centrifugal neutron.

are between the two axial components which simultaneously spin equator to equator while orbiting the proton / tralphium axis.
are a compressor, choke, and exhaust.
operate when protons and tralphiums are understable.

the centrifugal component equatorially ejects a teelstream into the torus compressor.

the teelstream passes through the compressor to the choke being it is compressed, bonded, accelerated, and laterally spun.

the teelstream exits the choke as a gravitationally bound "wire" (a linear nucleus inside a linear teelosphere).

the teelstream exits the exhaust with dropletisation breaking the "wire" into discrete objects.

the discrete object types are determined by the understability degree of the proton / tralphium and its location.

the greater the understability, the greater the heft of the inputting teelstream, and the greater the gravitymass of the dropletised objects.

the speed of the dropletised objects decreases as their gravitymass increases.

emit photides and electroids from protons.
emit photides and morphides from tralphiums.

COMPARISONS

The fundamentals of the Current Physics Paradigm and the Corephysics Taxonomy are drawn from the same factbase.
Nevertheless there are differences.
Facts are not disputed.

STANDARD MODEL OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

Paradigm

Elementary particles

are particles not currently known to be composed of smaller constituents.

are classified as fermions or bosons

fermions are quarks and leptons.

bosons are gauge bosons (force carriers) and a scalar boson.

Photinos

are hypothetical fermions.
have mass.
have a half-integer spin.
have weak interaction with other particles.

Photons

are empirically confirmed bosons.
are force-carriers for fermions.
have momentum
have an integer spin.

Corephysics

Photides (taxa 2)

are monocore objects.
are manufactured in the toruses of understable protons and tralphiums.
are manufactured from numbers of teels.
are two taxons: photinos and photons.

Photinos (taxon 2.1)

are hypothetical objects.

are semistableable objects.

semistabilise outside the photonband.

alter their gravitymassvelocity as conditions dictate per the colourshift process.

Photons (taxon 2.2)

are empirically confirmed objects.

are semistableable objects.

semistabilise inside the photonband.

alter their gravitymassvelocity to stay inside the photonband.

alter their gravitymassvelocity as conditions dictate per the colourshift process.

COLOURSHIFT

Paradigm

Blueshift

is when the wavelength of an object's electromagnetic radiation is being compressed and thus shifting toward the blue end of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Redshift

is when the wavelength of an object's electromagnetic radiation is being stretched and thus shifting toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Paradigm

Photino colourshift

is altering the gravitymassvelocity of a photino by gravitypull attunement and teelstream attunement per the colourshift process.

photinos are outside the photonband so speed varies with attunement.

manufactured photinos are currently undetectable.

decay product superphotonic photinos (neutrinos) are detectable.

Photon colourshift

is altering the gravitymass of a photon by gravitypull attunement and teelstream attunement per the colourshift process.

gravitymass alterations commensurately alter a photon's position on the electromagnetic spectrum.

photons are inside the photonband so their speed is constantly lightspeed per gravitymass differential mechanism.

COLOURSHIFT PROCESS

Paradigm

colourshifting in the electromagnetic spectrum follows from laws of physics described by the Doppler effect, special relativity, and general relativity.
the laws are confirmed by observation and experiment to be consistent and predictive.
the laws describe colourshifting behaviour only and offer no classical mechanical explanation(s) for the behaviour.

Corephysics

the colourshift process is a composite of mechanisms.
the mechanisms interact to semistabilise a photide undergoing blueshift or redshift

(much as the bimetallic compensator mechanism found in some mechanical clocks counters changes in ambient temperature).

the mechanisms are gravitymassvelocity and stability alterations, energy transmutations between extant and potential, and nucleus expansions or contractions.

COSMOLOGICAL REDSHIFT

Paradigm

the phenomenon whereby electromagnetic radiation from distant galaxies is observed to redshift on the electromagnetic spectrum.

the redshift is proportional to the galaxy's recessional velocity which generally increases with distance.

the (generally accepted) explanation is cosmological expansion whereby the fabric of spacetime is stretching so distant galaxies appear to recede from us because the space between them and us is expanding.

Corephysics

spacetime as such does not arise in Corephysics.

space is nothingness.

time is the magnitude of the interval between events.

aspects of spacetime correlate with the teelonfield.

the teelonfield is an omnipresent three-dimensional field of gravitationally interlinked teelons.

set in the teelonfield are gravitymassive objects (galaxies, etc).

the gravitypull and masspush of the objects forms their nearby teelonfield into teelstreams.

outside the teelstreams the teelonfield is in brownianmotion.

the energy of the teels in the brownianmotion teelonfield is such that it can overcome the mutual gravitypull of galaxies (galastars (taxonome 5.5.1)) and force them apart.

the teelonfield is thus driving cosmological expansion.
that the teelonfield is able to drive cosmological expansion suggests that the Universe has no confining boundary.

photons travelling from distant galaxies to the Earth move from the gravitysheath interface of their source galaxies, through a succession of the gravitysheaths surrounding galaxies and other gravitymassive objects to the gravitysheath interface of the Milky Way.
exiting the gravitysheath of the source galaxy gives an initial measure of redshift (increased from the wavelength at first semistabilisation (which would mostly be on emission in the galaxy bulge)).
entering the Milky Way galaxy and reaching the Earth gives a measure of blueshift that is generally not enough to counter the initial redshift (because the Earth is in the outer reaches of the Milky Way stellasphere).

in a non-cosmologically expanding Universe the redshift of photons travelling from the gravitysheath interface of the source galaxy to the gravitysheath interface of the Milky Way through a succession of intervening gravitysheaths is not seriously altered.
in a cosmologically expanding Universe, each successive gravitysheath transit adds more redshift than blueshift because the gravitysheath has expanded between photon entry and exit.

with increasing distance from the Earth a galaxy must have increasing measures of gravitymass to still be visible.
the greater the gravitymass of a galaxy the more extensive its gravitysheath.
the more extensive a galaxy's gravitysheath the more redshifted are photons as they cross the gravitysheath interface.
the greater the redshift of photons crossing the gravitysheath interface the greater the redshift of the photons on their arrival at Earth.

THE MICHELSON-MORLEY EXPERIMENT

Paradigm

was designed to detect the presence of the luminiferous ether using an interferometer.
found no significant interferance shift indicating that the speed of light is constant in all directions.
is considered strong evidence for special relativity which asserts that the speed of light is constant in all inertial reference frames independent of the motion of the source or observer.

Corephysics

indicates that lightspeed is constant in all directions.

photons are emissions from the stabilisation torusus of protons and tralphiums.

they are semistabilised within the photonband.

within the photonband photons always move at lightspeed relative to the masscentre to which they are dominance adjacent.

when moving horizontally relative to the masscentre, the gravitymass is constant.

when converging on the masscentre the gravitymass increases via the colourshift process thus maintaining lightspeed - this is blueshifting.

when diverging from the masscentre the gravitymass decreases via the colourshift process thus maintaining lightspeed - this is redshifting.

other masscentres affect the gravitymass of the photon although less so than does the dominance adjacent masscentre but the photon continues to move at lightspeed.

Comparison

Paradigm the constancy of lightspeed reflects the structure of spacetime and the unification of space and time into a single, interdependent entity in relativity.
Corephysics the colourshift process is a number of interacting mechanisms which combine to maintain the lightspeed movement of objects that have semistabilised within the photonband.

PHOTINOS

Paradigm

hypothetical particles predicted by some extensions of the Standard Model such as Supersymmetry (SUSY).
they are supersymetric partners (or "superpartners") of photons.
they are fermions with a small mass and spin ¹/₂.
they are electrically neutral and interact weakly making them a candidate for dark matter.
they are "gauginos" which are particles associated with the force carriers in SUSY theories.

Corephysics

the Corephysics photino is so named because it translates as "little photon".
it and the particle hypothesised in supersymmetry (SUSY) do not seriously correspond.
while both are hypothetical, electrically neutral, and of little mass the Corephysics photino is a distinct object and not a photon superpartner.

photinos are insubstantial objects emitted from objects many times more gravitymassive.
from the moment they exit the torus exhaust they are redshifting as they move away from the dominating masscentre.
a significant proportion will quickly redshift to dissipation either before or after semistabilisation.
the main contribution photinos make to darkmatter (the teelonfield) is to donate their teels to it.

PHOTONS

Paradigm

photons are fundamental particles of electromagnetic radiation.

have no mass.

have no electric charge.

always move at lightspeed.

exhibit wave-like and particle-like properties.

carry measures of energy proportional to their wavelength.

in quantum physics photons are responsible for electromagnetic interactions.

Corephysics

photons are taxa 2 objects made of numbers of gravity-bound teels.

are a monocore nucleus inside a centrifugal teelosphere.

have measures of gravity, mass, and energy.
exhibit waveform when en-masse.

have a wavelength which equates to gravitymassenergy.

have no electric charge.

always move at the lightspeed.

lightspeed varies with the medium through which a photon is travelling.
lightspeed is maintained by the colourshift process.
electromagnetic interactions result from the flow of teelstream systems around and through axial morphides (taxa 3) and nuclides (taxa 4).

TIME DILATION

Paradigm

a phenomenon whereby time passes at different rates for observers moving relative to each other or experiencing different gravitational fields.
according to Einstein's theory of relativity time moves slower for objects moving at high speeds (special relativity) or in stronger gravitational fields (general relativity).

Corephysics

time is the magnitude of the interval between events relative to a benchmark.
time dilation perception is the disconnect between changes in the rates at which mechanisms operate and the measuring of those changes (primarily by the receipt of photons).

SPEED OF LIGHT

Paradigm

lightspeed is the maximum speed at which all energy, matter, and information in the Universe can travel.
in a vacuum it is 299,792,458 metres per second.
tt is lower with travel through a medium.
per Einstein's theory of relativity nothing can travel faster than the speed of light and it plays a crucial role in the structure of space and time.

Corephysics

lightspeed is the speed at which photons move.
photons maintain lightspeed via the colourshift process.
lightspeed is a constant relative to the dominant masscentre in the gravitysheath through which a photon is moving (subject to variations due to the heft of the medium through which the photon is moving).

lightspeed is not a cosmological speed limit.
objects progressively more gravitymassive than photons are progressively less able to approach lightspeed without dissipation in one way or another.
objects less gravitymassive than photons (teels, teelons, and photinos) can and routinely do exceed lightspeed.

Aether Theory proposed a medium through which light waves move that is stationary, invisible, undetectable, and universal.
Michelson-Morley experiment discredited the theory without proving an aether did not exist.
the teelonfield is an aether (although it is not stationary and it is crudely detected as darkenergy / darkmatter).
photons interact with the heft of the teelonfield as they move with lightspeed being maintained by the colourshift process.
alterations due to interaction with the teelonfield are likely but so slight as to be currently undetectable.

STABILITY

Paradigm

the ability of an object or system to maintain its structure and/or equilibrium when subjected to external forces or disturbances.

Corephysics

photinos and photons are semistableable objects which semistabilise their gravitymassvelocity by gravitypull attunement and teelstream attunement as conditions dictate.
photons maintain semistability at lightspeed via the colourshift process.

TEELONS | TOP | PHOTINOS

SUPERCEDED MATTER

PHOTIDE LINKS

CURRENT PHYSICS PARADIGM

Neutrinos
Photons

COREPHYSICS

Photides (taxa 2)

Neutrinos (taxon 2.1)

Photons (taxon 2.2)

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES

Antiparticles
Cosmological redshift
Neutrinos
Photons
Speed of light
Stability

CURRENT PHYSICS PARADIGM

Current Physics Paradigm the models and favoured methods of research, interpretation, and verification currently believed to provide the most likely description of the universe's objects, interactions, and mechanisms.
Standard Model of Elementary Particles a theory about the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions mediating the dynamics of the known subatomic particles.
Special Theory of Relativity a theory that reconciles the principle of relativity with the observation that the speed of light is constant in all frames of reference.

NEUTRINOS

are elementary particles.
are lepton matter particles.
have less mass than other known particles.
have zero electric charge.
have spin 1/2.
interact with surroundings via weakforce or gravitation.
have corresponding antiparticles.
have three flavors: electron, muon, tauon.
are differentiated by lepton association and mass.
can oscillate between flavors.
energy and relativistic mass increase when approaching speed of light.

PHOTONS

are elementary particles.
are gauge bosons that mediate the electromagnetic force.
are quanta of electromagnetic energy.
have zero rest mass.
have momentum.
are mass-energy equivalenced per E-mc2.
have no electric charge.
have spin 1.
respond to gravitation.
move at lightspeed per principles of relativistic kinematics.
are commonly measured by amplitude and wavelength.
are their own antiparticles.

CORE
PHYSICS

Corephysics a taxonomical classification for the empirically confirmed interactions, structures, and mechanisms of the universe's stable and semistable objects.

PHOTIDES (TAXA 2)

monocore objects manufactured in toruses from numbers of teels.
a taxa of two taxons.
neutrinos (taxon 2.1), photons (taxon 2.2)k

NEUTRINOS (TAXON 2.1)

are semistableable.
are solidbonded and/or liquidbonded nucleuses inside a teelosphere inside a gravitysheath inside a gravitysheath interface.

are (1) manufactured in the toruses of understable protons and tralphiums.
are (2) produced during betadecays.
semistabilise when free by gravitymass differential mechanism.
when semistabilised are gravitypull attuned and teelstream attuned.
when semistabilised from manufacture are typically superluminal with less gravitymass than photons.
when semistabilised from betadecay are typically subluminal with more gravitymass than photons.
when semistabilised will attune themselves to dissipation if conditions dictate.

PHOTONS (TAXON 2.2)

are semistableable.
are solidbonded and/or liquidbonded nucleuses inside a teelosphere inside a gravitysheath inside a gravitysheath interface.
move at lightspeed when semistable.

are (1) manufactured in the toruses of understable protons and tralphiums.
are (2) produced during alphadecays and betadecays.
semistabilise when free by gravitymass differential mechanism.
when free semistabilise within the photonband.
when free colourshift within the photonband thus maintaining lightspeed.

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES

The same Photide facts underpin both the Current Physics Paradigm and Corephysics descriptions. However, the factbase is incomplete allowing significant differences between the two descriptions. The differences are compounded by the different methods used to compile and support the descriptions.

Paradigm compiled and supported by devolved and devolving hypotheses and theories that are currently incompletely empirically confirmed.
Corephysics compiled from extrapolations and hypotheses evolved from Taxa 1 and supported by their ability to evolve forward into the Taxa 3 factbase.

ANTIPARTICLES

Paradigm Antiparticles are fundamental particles that are identical to their corresponding particles in mass but opposite in some other properties such as electric charge, chirality, etc. Neutrinos have an antineutrino which is opposite in chirality. Photons have no antiparticle as such but are regarded as "being their own antiparticle.

Corephysics Antimatter objects are the same as their corresponding matter objects. They are "anti" if their orientation causes a teelstream conflict with adjacent objects of the same type. Axial objects are "anti" if their teelstreams are "up" against the "down" of adjacent objects of the same type. Centrifugal objects are "anti" if their spin is opposite to adjacent objects of the same type. Neutrinos and photons are centrifugal.

COSMOLOGICAL REDSHIFT

Paradigm Cosmological redshift is the phenomenon whereby the light from distant objects such as galaxies appears to be shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. This effect is not due to the motion of the objects through space but to the expansion of space itself between the observer and the source. The expansion causes wavelengths to stretch and frequencies to decrease. Overall, the amount of redshift is proportional to the distance of the object from the observer thus being a useful tool for astronomers estimating the distances to remote galaxies.

Corephysics A photon is a nucleus inside a teelosphere. Photons are differentiated, one from another, by the gravitymass and energy of the nucleus. The difference is observable in monochrome photon wavelengths. Wavelengths form when photons are emitted en-masse by consistently understable toruses. All photons so emitted have the same gravitymass and energy. Photon gravitymass and energy alters mechanically responding to the gravitypull of other objects and the heft of the teelstream through which the photons are moving. Alterations in gravitymass and energy are seen as wavelength changes in en-masse monochromatic photons.

Caveat The use of colourshifting, blueshifting and redshifting to describe changes in individual photons is wrong (the collective "wave" is being used to describe the singular "object") but it is well understood so its use continues in Corephysics to represent photon changes in gravitymass and energy.

Context gravitysheaths surround the nucleus of every object in the universe. The largest gravitysheaths known surround galastars. Thus the universe is an agglomeration of galastar gravitysheaths. The gravitysheaths of lesser objects are inside galastar gravitysheaths. The gravitysheaths of small objects are inside successions of ever larger gravitysheaths.

Example A photon is emitted from a star in a distant galastar to the Earth. It climbs to the galastar gravitysheath interface, redshifting as it goes. Its redshift at the gravitysheath interface underpins all subsequent colourshifting. After crossing the gravitysheath interface it transits a succession of galastar gravitysheaths.

The blueshift a photon undergoes on the way into a gravitysheath is countered by the redshift it undergoes on the way out. In principle, a photon can traverse the entire universe to exit the last gravitysheath interface with the same redshift it had when it exited the first. In practice, factors conspire to make this not so:

Gravityassist Passing closely by a larger object gravityassists the photon translating potential acceleration to increasing redshift.- or potential deceleration to decreasing redshift.

Doppler attunement A photon exiting the gravitysheath of a moving object from its rear has an increased redshift. A photon exiting the gravitysheath of a moving object to its front has a reduced redshift.

Observer location Earthbound photons from beyond the Milky Way gravitysheath interface do not complete a full galaxy transit before Earthfall and thus have a decreased redshift.

Teelstream attunement Photons transiting gravitysheaths pass through teelstreams, attuning to their heft as they go. Rule of thumb: the heft of teelstreams decreases from nucleus to gravitysheath interface. Thus teelstream attunement echoes and reinforces gravitypull attunement.
Cosmological attunement A photon received on Earth from a sufficiently distant galastar is redshifted. The greater the distance, the greater the redshift. If the universe is cosmologically expanding the redshift increases yet further because the galastar gravitysheaths are increasing their volume during a photon's transit - the redshift decrease accrued during the entry phase is exceeded by the redshift increase accrued during the exit phase.

NEUTRINOS

Paradigm An extremely lightweight and electrically neutral subatomic particle that is a lepton as are electrons, muons, and tauons. Neutrinos interact weakly with matter being primarily affected by the weak nuclear force. There are three neutrino flavors: electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino. Neutrino oscillation is their ability to change from one flavor to another as they travel through space.

Corephysics Neutrinos and photons are structurally the same. They differ in that neutrinos cannot maintain lightspeed. There are two types of neutrino: those manufactured in toruses and those produced during betadecay.

Rules of thumb: torus neutrinos are superluminal and have less gravitymass than photons: betadecay neutrinos are subluminal and have more gravitymass than photons.

PHOTONS

Paradigm Photons are units of electromagnetic radiation. They have zero rest mass but they do have momentum mass and are inherently limited to moving at the speed of light. They have wavelike and particlelike properties. They carry electromagnetic energy and transmit information as electromagnetic waves.

Corephysics Photons are too small to be directly observed by us. Nevertheless they are teelcomposite structures which semistabilise after manufacture within the photonband maintaining lightspeed thereafter by colourshifting. Photons en-masse have wave characteristics because the nucleus is inside a masspushing teelosphere (an effect replicated with variations at all subsequent levels: qv: oceans and atmospheres).

SPEED OF LIGHT

Current Physics Paradigm The speed of light is the speed at which electromagnetic waves propagate through a vacuum. This value is considered a fundamental constant of nature and plays a crucial role in physics, including Einstein's theory of relativity. It represents the maximum speed at which information or energy can travel in the universe.

Corephysics Lightspeed is the speed at which photons move. It is not a speed beyond which no objects can move. Fundamides and torus neutrinos can and do move faster. Photons maintain lightspeed mechanically by colourshifting.

The Michelson-Morley experiment demonstrated that photons inside the Earth's gravitysheath always move at lightspeed relative to the Earth's masscentre irrespective of their direction of travel.

The Pound-Rebka experiment demonstrated that photon inside the Earth's gravitysheath maintains lightspeed when diverging from the Earth's masscentre by ejecting gravitymass and energy.

STABILITY

Current Physics Paradigm The ability of a system to return to its equilibrium or original state after experiencing a disturbance or perturbation. It indicates whether a system will remain balanced or tend to deviate from its initial condition over time.

Corephysics (1) The ability of a stableable object to become stable if conditions permit. (2) The ability of a semistableable object to become semistable if conditions permit. Stableable objects are teels, morphides and nuclides. Semistableable objects are teelons, photides and stellides.

Stableable objects have multicore nucleuses. Each type of stableable object has a unique and constant gravitymass when stable. Stableable objects do not spontaneously decay.

Semistable objects have monocore nucleuses. When semistable their gravitymass varies with gravitypull attunement and teelstream attunement. Semistable objects attune themselves to dissipation if conditions dictate.

Stability and semistability is rarely achieved because 70% or more of the universe's gravitymass consists of superluminal subphotonic objects. Larger objects continuously absorb subphotonics which continuously understabilise them. They compensate by continuously ejecting subphotonics but stabilisation lag makes exact stability or semistability difficult to achieve.