THE FUNDAMENTS OF PHYSICS

a treatise


PREAMBLE

CHAPTERS

APPENDICES

GLOSSARY

Index

Chapter 1
The Primordial Particle


Chapter 2
The Primordial Structure


Chapter 3
Gravitoids


Chapter 4
Blackholes


Chapter 5
Darkmatter and Darkenergy


Chapter 6
Photons


Chapter 7
Electrons


Chapter 8
Nucleons


Chapter 9
Nuclides


Chapter 10
Planets and Planetoids


Chapter 11
Stars


Chapter 12
Galaxies


Chapter 13
Galactic Clusters


Chapter 14
Moment Zero




APPENDICES




















   Glossary



Acceleration          An increase in the object of an object relative to its masscentre with another object. 

Adjacent          Nearby. Close. Contiguous. Adjoining. Neighbouring.

Apoapsis           In a teeloid:  a teel's maximum orbital distance from its teeloid masscentre. 

Attractance          A qualitative property whereby an object attracts other objects toward it and/or is attracted toward other objects.

Attractance (2)          In a teeloid:  a qualitative property whereby it attracts other objects toward it.

Boson     A particle with totally symmetric composite quantum states, which exempts them from the Pauli exclusion principle, and that hence obeys Bose-Einstein statistics. They have integer spin. Among them are the fundamental bosons, those without substructure, the gauge bosons and the scalar (Higgs) boson.

Conservation of Energy
When two objects collide, 
their energy may be redistributed between them
but the sum of their energy remains the same.

Conservation of Spinspeed
When two objects collide,
the sum of their prior spin or speed can transmute
to different ratios of spin or speed
but the sum of their spin and speed remains the same.


Cosmology     The study of the past, present, and future largescale structure of the Universe.

Current Physics Paradigm     (After Thomas Kuhn) Those physical models which are predominantly believed by the physics community to be the most likely descriptions of the past, present, and future structure, mechanisms, and processes of the Universe, together with the currently acceptable methods of research, interpretation, and verification.

Deceleration          A decrease in the speed of an object relative to its masscentre with another object. 

Density         A quantitative measure derived from the qualitative property repellence. The degree of an object's resistance to penetration or deformation. 

Density (2)         In a teeloid:  a quantitative measure derived from the qualitative property repellence:  its resistance to penetration or deformation.

Dimensions         Quantitative measures derived from the qualitative property repellence. Objects have four spacial dimensions (height, width, depth, and volume) and one temporal dimension (duration).

Dimensions (2)         In a teeloid:  quantitative measures derived from the qualitative property repellence. A teeloid has four spatial dimensions (height, width, depth, and volume) and one temporal dimension (duration).

Empirical Evidence     Information which has been confirmed by experimentation and/or observation and has been found to be consistent and reproducible.

Energy        A key measurement derived from the quantitative measures speed and spin. The sum of an object's speed and spin at a specific time.

Energy (2)        In a teeloid:  a key measurement derived from the quantitive measures speed and spin:  the sum of the energy of its teels.

Exclusion Law, The          One teel cannot occupy a place in space and time already occupied by another.

Fermion     A particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states, which means it must obey the Pauli exclusion principle and hence Fermi-Dirac statistics. They have half-integer spin. Among them are the fundamental fermions, those without substructure, the quarks and the leptons.

Force     Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the velocity of an object. Force can instinctively be described as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction.

Fundamental Fermion          A subatomic particle that has no substructure and is thus not composed of other particles. 

Fundamental Force     A term used in the Current Paradigm to describe an interaction between fundamental fermions that alters the velocity of those fermions relative to each other but which has no apparent mechanical explanation.

Gravitationalmass          The mass of an object as measured by its interaction with gravity; it is equal to its inertialmass.

Gravitycentre          In a teelpair:  the centre of gravity:  the focal point for the gravitypulls of the teels:  a point equidistant between the teels.

Gravitypull         A quantitative measure derived from the qualitative property attractance. The strength of an object's attractance. Gravitypull decreases with distance from the object per the Inverse Square Law.

Gravitypull (2)         In a teeloid:  a quantitative measure derived from the qualitative property attractance:  a measure of the strength of a teeloid's attractance. Gravitypull strength decreases with distance from the teeloid per the Inverse Square Law.

Gravitysheath (1)         In a teel:  the region surrounding a teel within which its gravitypull is stronger than that of any other object.

Gravitysheath (2)         In a teeloid:  the region surrounding a teeloid within which the conjoint gravitypull of its teels dominates that of any other object.

Gravitysheath interface (1)         In a teel:  where its gravitysheath abuts the gravitysheaths of adjacent objects. 

Gravitysheath interface (2)         In a teeloid:  where its gravitysheath abuts the gravitysheaths of adjacent objects.

Gravitoid          a stable structure, consisting of numbers of teelpairs held within its gravitysheath for a meaningful time.  

Inertialmass          The mass of an object measured as its resistance to being accelerated by an applied force; it is equal to its gravitationalmass.

Interaction          When two or more objects act upon each other to produce a change in their situation or condition.

Inverse Square Law (Gravitational)     (per Isaac Newton) The gravitypull between two teels is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation distance. Gravitypull is always attractive and acts along the line joining them.

Key Measurement     A specific measurement, drawn from a particular measure scale, that is more significant than other measurements on the scale. 

Kineticenergy          In a teeloid:  energy of motion: (a) the sum of the velocities and the latentenergies of its teels relative to the teeloid masscentre: (b) the kineticenergy of the teeloid relative to another object. 

Latentenergy           In a teeloid:  the sum of the rates of spin of its teels. 

Mass         A key measurement derived from the quantitative measure gravitypull. An object's maximum possible gravitypull. 

Mass (2)         In a teeloid:  a key measurement derived from the quantitive measure gravitypull:  its gravitypull on other objects per the Gravitational Inverse Square Law. 

Mass (internal)          In a teeloid:  the mutual gravitypull of the teels, modified by the volume within which they are contained and the Gravitational Inverse Square Law.

Mass (intrinsic)          In a teeloid:  the mass of a single teel multiplied by two. 

Masscentre         In a teelpair:  the centre of mass:  the focal point for the masses of the teels:  a point equidistant between the teels. 

Measure          A concrete attribute. 

Measurement          A strength or number on the scale of a specific measure of a specific property.

Mechanism          A system of parts that operate or interact in a preordained manner to produce an expected result.


Moment Zero     The Universe is currently expanding. Moment Zero was when the current expansion began.

Orbit (closed)          In a teeloid:  an orbit is closed when a teel is able to make complete circuits around the teeloid masscentre without crossing the teeloid gravitysheath interface.

Orbit (open)          In a teeloid:  an orbit is open when a teel is unable to make a complete circuit around the teeloid masscentre without crossing the teeloid gravitysheath interface. 

Periapsis          In a teeloid:  a teel's minimum orbital distance from its teeloid masscentre.

Physics     Newtonian physics is the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter, and energy. Einsteinian physics extends the study to explain the effects of travelling near the speed of light. Quantum physics extends the study to account for the behaviour of atoms.

Planck Length     The base unit in the system of Planck units. It is derived from three constants: the speed of light in a vacuum, the Planck Constant, and the Gravitational Constant.

Potentialenergy          In a teeloid:  energy of position: (a) the kineticenergy of the teeloid extrapolated to be as at the teeloid masscentre, less the teeloid's kineticenergy: (b) the kineticenergy of the teeloid, extrapolated to be as in collision with another object, less its kineticenergy relative to that object.  

Process          A series of preordained actions that produce an expected result.

Profiling          A reasoning technique wherein universal facets of the known are assumed to be facets of the appropriate unknown.

Property          An abstract attribute.  

Property Family          In a teel:  quantitative properties grouped according to their overarching qualitative property - either attractance or repellence.

Qualitative Property (1)         In a teel:  an attribute which cannot be directly measured and which cannot be explained by any empirically confirmed mechanism or process.

Quantitive Property (2)         In a teel:  an attribute which exists as a measure of its multitude or its magnitude.

Relativity     The state of being relative to something else.

Repellence        A qualitative property whereby an object resists penetration or deformation during contact with another object.

Repellence (2)         In a teeloid:  a qualitative property whereby it resists penetration or deformation by other objects.

Speed         A quantitative measure derived from the qualitative property attractance. The rate of an object's linear movement.

Speed (2)         In a teeloid:  a quantitative measure derived from the qualitative property attractance. The speed of a teeloid is the linear movement of its masscentre.

Spin          A quantitive measure derived from the qualitative property repellence. The rate of an object's rotational movement.

Spin (2)         In a teeloid:  a quantitive measure derived from the qualitative property repellence:  an average of the orbital velocities of its teels around the teeloid masscentre.

Spinspeed          In a teel:  the sum of its measures linear and rotational movement.

Structure          A system of distinct parts held for a measurable time.

Teel          The hypothetical primordial particle, out of numbers of which the fundamental fermions are made.

Teeloid          Two teels bonded by their mutual gravitypull and adjacent to each other. A teeloid is bounded by a gravitysheath within which the conjoint gravitypull of its teels dominates the gravitypull of any other object. 

Teelpair          Two teels bonded by their mutual attractance. 

Velocity          In a teel:  a composite of its speed and direction.












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