CHAPTER 1 - THE CORE PARTICLE
- QUESTION:
What is the least substantial
particle that can be drawn from the current empirically confirmed
factbase in no more than one extrapolation.
- ANSWER: The teel - the core particle.
* * * * * - TEEL:
The hypothetical primordial particle,
out of numbers of which each type of elementary fermion is made.
- PROPERTY: An abstract attribute of an object, one that cannot be measured by strength or number.
- MEASURE:
A concrete attribute of an object,
arising from its properties, which is measured by strength or
number.
- STRUCTURE: A system of distinct parts held for a measurable time.
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Teels are the hypothetical building blocks
out of which the elementary fermions are made.
For
teels to be
made into fermions, they must have properties and measures. This
chapter assumes that the properties and measures
of the teel are those which are common to every type of
elementary fermion. In the chapters that follow, there are no assumptions, only conclusions.
TEEL PROPERTIES
TEEL MEASURES
- gravitypull = the strength of a teel's ability to attract other teels
- inertia = the strength of a teel's ability to resist being attracted by other teels
- spin = the rate of a teel's rotational motion
- speed = the rate of a teel's linear motion
- spinspeed = the rates of a teel's spin and speed equivalenced to be one measure
- density = the strength of a teel's resistance to being deformed or penetrated
- dimensions = the four spacial dimensions and one temporal dimension of a teel
- height
- width
- depth
- volume
- duration
TEEL STRUCTURE
The teel, as postulated here, has no distinct parts and there has no structure.
CHAPTER 2 - THE CORE STRUCTURE
- STRUCTURE: A system of distinct parts held together for a measurable time.
* * * * *
- TEELOID: An object that consists of two adjacent teels held together by their
mutual attractance and held apart by their mutual repellence.
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A structure consists of two or more distinct parts. The teeloid consists of two teels. It is the core structure because:
- it is the structure with the least number of component parts.
- its properties
and measures enable numbers of teeloids to be built into
every known type of object in the Universe.
TEELOID PROPERTIES
- Teels = which are adjacent
- Masscentre = the mass locus between the teels
- Gravitycentre = the gravitypull locus between the teels
- Gravitysheath = the volume surrounding the teels within which the teeloids gravitypull dominates that of other objects
- Gravitysheath interface = where the gravitysheath abuts adjacent gravitysheaths.
TEELOID MEASURES
- In closed orbit = a stable teeloid.
- In open orbit = an unstable teeloid.
- Mass = the gravitypull of the teeloid
- Extrinsic mass
= the gravitypull exerted by the teeloid on other objects = the sum of
the gravitypull of its teels modified by the teeloid density.
- Intrinsic mass = the sum of the masses of the teels
- Internal mass = the gravitypull exerted by the teels on each other
- Escape
Velocity
= the lowest speed needed for a teel to freefall from its place in
the gravitysheath to the gravitysheath interface.
- Energy = the spin and speed of the teeloid
- Extrinsic kineticenergy = the speed of the teeloid masscentre relative to its masscentre with other objects.
- Intrinsic kineticenergy = the sum of the speeds of the teels relative to the masscentre
- Extrinsic potentialenergy = the potential speed of the teeloid masscentre relative to its masscentre with other objects.
- Intrinsic potentialenergy = the sum of the potential speeds of the teels relative to the masscentre
- Extrinsic spin
= the average of the orbital velocities of the teels around the teeloid
masscentre relative to the teeloid's masscentre with other
objects.
- Intrinsic spin = the sum of the orbital velocities of the teels around the teeloid masscentre.
- Latent spin = the sum of the spins of the teels relative to the masscentre
- Vergence velocity
= on a notional straight line drawn through a teel from teeloid
gravitycentre to the gravitysheath interface, the speed at which the
teel is converging on/diverging from the gravitycentre.
- Overstable = when the escape velocity of the teels is greater than their vergence velocity
- Stable = when the escape velocity of the teels is the same as their vergence velocity
- Unstable = when the vergence velocity of the teels is greater than their escape velocity
- Density = the measure of a teeloid's resistance to penetration and/or deformation
- Teel density = the number of teels modified by the volume that encloses them
- Gravitysheath density = the number of teels modified by the volume of the gravitysheath
- Dimensions = height, width, depth, volume, and duration
- Teeloid dimensions = of the volume that encloses the teels
- Gravitysheath dimensions = of the volume of the gravitysheath
TEELOID STRUCTURE
A
teeloid consists of two teels held together by their attractance
and apart by their repellence for a measurable time. That measurable
time for a "free" teeloid is ordinarily short because of the
high speed of its teels means their orbits are open. However, for a teeloid bound into a
larger structure the measurable time can be longer and, if the orbits are closed, can be very long
indeed.
MECHANISM = the escape-vergence differential
The
teeloid incorporates a mechanism. Given that the teeloid is the
simplest structure of all, its mechanism is the simplest mechanism
of all. Similarly, as teeloids can be built into every known type
of object, the teeloid mechanism is found in every type of object,
albeit in ever more sophisticated forms as objects become more
massive.
The mechanism is rooted in the teeloid's measures of escape velocity and vergence velocity. Any disparity
between these measures dictates whether or not the gravitoid can
endure.
For comparison purposes, the escape and vergence measures are presented thus:
- extrapolate the escape velocity of each teel to be as at the gravitysheath interface where it is ALWAYS zero.
- extrapolate
the vergence velocity of each teel to be as at the gravitysheath
interface where they may be zero or higher or lower.
Comparing the two allows these conclusions:- when the vergence velocity of one or both teels is more than zero, the teeloid is unstable and cannot endure.
- when the vergence velocity of both teels is zero, the teeloid is stable and will endure.
- when the vergence velocity of both teels is less than zero, the teeloid is overstable and will endure.
CHAPTER 3 - THE CORE MECHANISM
- MECHANISM:
A system of distinct parts that
operate or interact in a preordained manner for a measurable time to produce an
expected result.
* * * * * - STABILISATION
TURBINE:
A mechanism within a quark composite
(an electron or a nucleon) that stabilises it by forming and
ejecting (as necessary) teels, teeloids, gravitoids, photoids,
and elementary fermions.
- TEELOID COMPOSITE:
An accretion of teeloids (gravitoids, photoids, photons, and quarks).
- QUARK
COMPOSITE: An accretion of quarks (electrons (two quarks) and nucleons (three quarks)).
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The
stabilisation turbine is the Universe's core mechanism because it is
the simplest mechanism able to impose a structure on a raw material and
thus produce a distinct object that did not exist before.
The structure of a
stabilisation turbine varies with the type of object it is within and
its location in that object. A full description of each type of turbine
is found in its appropriate chapter. However, in order that the
creation process for fermions can be understood ahead
of those chapters, here is a description of a typical turbine.
A stabilisation turbine has these components:
- a teelstream = the raw material - a coherent and continuous stream of teels
- a
compressor
= a funnel formed between rapidly orbiting and spinning quarks
- within which the teelstream is compressed and
given a helical spin.
- a choke = the throat of the funnel where teelstream compression reaches its maximum
- an exhaust = a reversed funnel within which the teelstream decompresses.
- a jet
= a
coherent stream of teels and teeloid composites being ejected from the
exhaust - if the jet is sufficiently energetic it will breach the quark
composite's gravitysheath
interface.
When a quark composite is stable, the stabilisation turbine idles,
ejecting only as many teels as are necessary to maintain that
stability.
When
a quark composite becomes unstable the density and speed of its
teelstreams increase with a consequent increase in compression in
the turbine. Increase the compression sufficiently
and teeloid composites form in the choke. Further increases in
compression result in commensurate increases in the mass of the teeloid
composites being produced.
The
ability of the jet and its
cargo of teeloid composites to breach the gravitysheath interface also
depends on the degree of a quark composite's instability. The more
unstable is the quark composite, the farther is the reach of the
jet. Constantly
keep a quark composite in an unstable state and it will eject
a continuing stream of teeloid composites.
Stabilisation
turbines are also found in the structure of every type of nucleon
composite, although at second hand because they are actually part of the
quark composites that the nucleon composites are made of. Most types of nucleon
composite have more than one stabilisation turbine.
The
greater complexity of the nucleon composite structure adds
specialism to some (and sometimes all) of the turbines. When the
nucleon composite is unstable, the specialist turbines produces
continuing streams of photons of specific wavelengths.
CHAPTER 4 - GRAVITOIDS
- GRAVITOID:
A teeloid composite. A structure consisting
of three or more teels configured as three or more conjoined
teeloids. A gravitoid maintains its stability by absorbing or
ejecting teels as necessary.
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The gravitoid is the simplest teeloid composite. They are intermediate particles between teeloids and photoids,
characterised by having enough mass to be able to
maintain stability but not enough to bond its
teels into gas, liquid, and solid strata.
The
self-stabilising mechanism within gravitoids is unsophisticated.
Consequently the lifespan of a gravitoid tends to be short. In
compensation, quark composites produce them in numbers that are large
compared to the numbers of elementary fermions they can
produce.
Three
mechanisms appear in gravitoids in their mature form for the first
time. Hereafter, the mechanisms reappear in all object types, albeit in
ever more sophisticated forms as object become more massive.
- the mass-energy differential
- gravitational attunement
- teelstream attunement
The
properties of a gravitoid are derived from those of its teels. The
measures are derived from those of its teeloids.
GRAVITOID PROPERTIES
- in closed (elliptic) orbits about the gravitoid masscentre
- in open (parabolic) orbits around the teeloid masscentres
- Masscentre = the mass locus of the gravitoid's teels
- Gravitycentre = the gravitypull locus of the gravitoid's teels
- Teelhub = the volume enclosing the gravitoid's teels
- Gravitysheath
= the volume around the teelhub within which the gravitypull of
the gravitoid dominates the gravitypull of any other object
- Gravitysheath interface = where the gravitysheath of the gravitoid abuts adjacent gravitysheaths.
GRAVITOID MEASURES
- Escape velocity = the lowest speed needed for a teel to freefall from its place in the gravitysheath to the gravitysheath interface.
- Vergence velocity =
on a notional straight line drawn through a teel from the gravitoid
gravitycentre to the gravitysheath interface, the speed at which the
teel is converging on/diverging from the gravitycentre.
- Teeloids
= three or more.
- Mass = the gravitypull of the gravitoid
- Extrinsic
mass = the gravitypull exerted by the gravitoid's teelhub on other objects - the
sum of the gravitypulls of its teeloids modified by the teelhub density.
- Intrinsic mass = the sum of the gravitypulls of the gravitoid's teels without modification for density.
- Interior mass = the gravitypull exerted by the teels on the gravitoid gravitycentre
- Energy = the spin and speed of the gravitoid.
- Extrinsic kineticenergy = the speed of the gravitoid masscentre relative to its masscentre with other objects.
- Intrinsic kineticenergy = the sum of the speeds of its teeloid masscentres relative to the gravitoid masscentre.
- Extrinsic potentialenergy = the potential speed of the gravitoid masscentre relative to its masscentre with other objects.
- Intrinsic potentialenergy = the sum of the potential speeds of its teeloid masscentres relative to the gravitoid masscentre.
- Extrinsic spin
= the average of the orbital velocities of the teeloid masscentres
around the gravitoid masscentre relative to the
gravitoid's masscentre with other objects.
- Intrinsic spin
= the sum of the orbital velocities of the teels around their
teeloid masscentres relative to the gravitoid masscentre.
- Latent spin = the sum of the spins of the teels relative to the gravitoid masscentre.
- Overstable
= when the gravitoid has more mass units than energy units.
- Stable = when the gravitoid's mass units and energy units are the same.
- Unstable
= when the gravitoid has more energy units than mass units.
- Density = the measure of a gravitoid's resistance to penetration and/or deformation
- teelhub density = the volume of the central region that encloses the gravitoid's teels modified by the number of teels therein.
- gravitysheath density = the volume of the gravitoid's gravitysheath modified by the number of teels therein.
- Dimensions = height, width, depth, volume, and duration
- teelhub dimensions = those of the volume that encloses the gravitoid's teels.
- gravitysheath dimensions = those of the volume of the gravitoid's gravitysheath.
GRAVITOID STRUCTURE
The
simplest structure in the Universe is the teeloid but "free" teeloids
are mostly unstable and thus very shortlived. Teeloids become significant when numbers of them form the
structure of a more massive object. The least substantial of such
objects
is the gravitoid.
The gravitoid structure is centrifugal. All teeloid composites have a centrifugal structure. All quark composites and nucleon composites have an axial structure although the degree of that axiality varies from one type to another.
The structure of a stable gravitoid is thus:
- It is a teelhub, enclosed in a gravitysheath, surrounded by a gravitysheath interface.
- The teelhub is gasbonded = by which is meant:
- the gravitoid is stable.
- the teeloids are unstable.
- The teelhub is a sphere = thus it has an axis, a centre, an equator, and nominal north and south poles.
- The
teelhub is spinning = the spin is induced
during the gravitoid's creation in a stabilisation turbine.
- The teelhub spin is the movement of its teels about its axis.
- The teels are formed into a circulating teelstream.
- The teelstream has different measures of velocity and density in different locations.
- the teelstream is at its fastest and densest at the teelhub centre.
- the teelstream is at its slowest and least dense at the teelhub equator.
- The teelstream is the gravitoid's centrifugal structure:
- it rises from the centre, diverging out to the equator, transmuting kineticenergy to potentialenergy as it goes.
- it divides at the equator, with each stream moving at high level from the equator to the poles.
- each
of the streams converges on its pole from where it falls toward the
centre, transmuting potentialenergy to kineticenergy as it goes.
- the north and south stream recombine at the centre to form a region of high density and high energy.
- the high energy/high density forces the stream to rise from the centre, diverging as it goes.
- and repeat.
The stability condition of a gravitoid is defined by relating the teelhub equator to the gravitysheath interface:
- When the equator does not reach the gravitysheath interface, the gravitoid is overstable.
- When the equator reaches but does not cross the gravitysheath interface, the gravitoid is stable.
- When the equator crosses the gravitysheath interface, the gravitoid is unstable.
GRAVITOID CREATION
Gravitoids
are created in the stabilisation turbines of unstable quark and
nucleon composites. They result from an already dense and
energetic teelstream being induced to spin while being compressed in
a choke.
A cross-section of the teelstream within the choke is thus:
- The teelstream consists of teeloids.
- The teelstream is coherent = the teels in each teeloid have high speed but low vergence velocity.
- The linear speed of each teel as it passes through the choke is much the same.
- Teel collisions occur but the density restricts lateral movement.
- Teel collisions result in exchanges of spin and speed.
- The teelstream is spinning helically.
- Thus the speed of each teel is a combination of its linear and its helical movement.
- The helical spin means teels at the centre are slower than teels at the periphery.
- Resulting from any teel collision, the faster teel moves toward the periphery and the slower teel moves toward the centre.
- The movement of teels toward the centre affects some teeloid measures:
- Their speed decreases.
- Their density increases.
- Their internal mass increases.
- The escape velocity of the teels increases.
- The vergence velocity of the teels decreases.
- The affect on the teeloid measures increases as the density (the mass) and the energy of the teelstream increases.
- The density and energy of the teelstream increases as the instability of the quark/nucleon composite increases.
- Increase the density and energy sufficiently and a succession of helically spinning teeloids form at the centre.
- Increase the density and energy sufficiently further and a succession of helically spinning gravitoids form at the centre.
If
the instability of the quark/nucleon composite is sufficient, the
energy of the teelstream is enough to raise the vergence
velocity of the gravitoids above their escape velocity so they can breach the gravitysheath interface.
MECHANISM = the mass-energy differential
The
mass-energy differential is a mechanism that operates within
every type of composite object. It is a more sophisticated form of the escape-vergence differential. Both differentials are present in every type of composite object.
- The escape-vergence
differential describes an effect on objects within a
system (eg: between the teels in a teeloid).
- The
mass-energy differential describes an effect on the system itself (eg:
adding mass and energy to, or subtracting mass and energy from, a
teeloid).
Examples
Example 1: A rocket on the surface of the
Earth has an escape velocity and a vergence velocity. If it is to
breach the Earth's gravitysheath interface (by, say, reaching the Moon) its vergence velocity must
exceed its escape velocity.
Example 2: The Earth has measures of
mass and energy. If those measures are in equilibrium, the Earth is
stable. Adding teels to the Earth (by, say, hitting it with an
asteroid) will alter the measures and the equilibrium.
Example 3: The Earth is an object within the Solar System which thus has a vergence
velocity and an escape velocity, If the former exceeds the latter, the
Earth will leave the Solar System.
Parameters
- In a stable object, the average escape velocity and
the average vergence velocity of its teels, when extrapolated to be as at the object's gravitysheath interface, is zero.
- This is an equivalence.
- Escape velocity is a consequence of an object's mass.
- Vergence velocity is a consequence of an object's energy.
- Consider
a stationary teel perched on a stable object's gravitysheath
interface. Such a teel equates to one mass unit = 1MU.
- Consider that the same teel equates to one energy unit = 1EU.
Mechanics- For such a teel to move off the gravitysheath interface and toward the gravitycentre
- no change in its mass is necessary or possible.
- an
increase in its energy is necessary = its speed must be higher than
zero relative to the object's gravitycentre or it cannot move.
- Thus, when such a teel enters the object's gravitysheath:
- the mass of the object increases by 1MU.
- the energy of the object increases by 1+EU.
- Once the teel is inside the gravitysheath
- the mass of the object doesn't alter further no matter where the teel is.
- the energy of the object doesn't alter further no matter where the teel is.
- However:
- the object's extrinsic and interior mass measures alter with any change in the teel's location.
- the
object's proportions of potentialenergy, kineticenergy, and spin alter
with any change in the teel's location and with any collision
exchanges.
- The converse applies in moving a teel of the gravitysheath and away from the gravitycentre.
- This mechanism is scalable to all objects.
Summary
- An object absorbing one teel increases
- An object ejecting one teel decreases
* * * * *
The mass-energy
differential is the means by which an
object becomes stable and thereafter maintains that stability.
Parameters
- Consider a stable object.
- A stable object is a system in which the mass and energy are in equilibrium.
- A stable object's teelhub equator reaches but does not cross the gravitysheath interface.
- Consider that the object's mass and energy measures are, notionally, 1000MU and 1000EU.
Mechanics- The object absorbs a teel across its gravitysheath interface.
- The teel equates to an extra 1MU and 1+EU.
- Thus: the object becomes 1001MU and the energy 1001+EU.
- Thus: the object's mass and energy are no longer in equilibrium.
- Thus: the teelhub equator rises to extend across the gravitysheath interface.
- The object is now unstable.
- Because the equator is above the gravitysheath interface, one teel is ejected, taking with it 1MU and 1+EU.
- Thus: the object returns to 1000MU and 1000+EU.
- Thus: the mass and energy are returned to equilibrium.
- Thus: the teelhub equator returns to reaching but not crossing the gravitysheath interface.
- The object is now stable.
- The converse applies when an object first ejects a teel across its gravitysheath interface.
- This mechanism is scalable to all objects.
Summary
- An unstable object will absorb mass and energy until it becomes stable.
- A stable object, upon absorbing extra mass and energy, will eject mass and energy until it becomes stable.
- An overstable object will eject mass and energy until it becomes stable.
* * * * *
Every
object's mass-energy transactions are, ultimately, with single teels
although, especially in larger and more massive objects,
many such
transactions will be taking place at around the same time.
Not only that,
the transactions will be a continuing event because it is
most objects are
constantly moving through an "atmosphere" of "free" teels. And for
added complexity, the absorbed teels can have widely differing
speeds so, while the mass unit of
any absorbed teel will be 1MU, the energy unit can be many times
that, making the differential very wide.
The
mass-energy
differential mechanism is constantly at work in every type of object.
Automatically and unconsciously it is working to maintain the stability of its object. Maintaining that
stability, however, usually comes at a cost to the mass and energy
of the object because of the need to attune itself to (a) the
gravitypulls of other objects, and (b) the mass and energy of the
teelstream it is moving through.
MECHANISM = gravitational attunement
Consider
two objects that are some distance apart and not affected by the
properties of any other objects. Each has mass and therefore a
measure of gravitypull. The gravitypull of each is therefore
attracting the other with the strength being per the
Gravitational Inverse Square Law. The attraction translates into
acceleration or deceleration. The teels are either
accelerating toward one another or decelerating away.
Parameters
- Consider two stable and adjacent objects.
- Being stable, the teelhub of each reaches but does not cross the gravitysheath interface.
- Their mutual gravitypull is attracting each toward the other.
- Each is accelerating toward their masscentre.
Mechanics
- Any acceleration in an object is an acceleration of its teels.
- Accelerating its teels accelerates its teelstream structure.
- Accelerating the teelstream structure raises the teelhub equator above the gravitysheath interface.
- The stable object is now unstable.
- The unstable object ejects a teel.
- The teel is of 1MU and 1+EU.
- The unstable object is now stable.
- The cost of the restabilisation is a differential loss of mass and energy.
- The converse applies when the objects are diverging from each other and thus decelerating.
- This mechanism is scalable to all objects.
Summary
- An unstable object
- converging on another object, differentially ejects mass and energy until it becomes stable.
- diverging from another object, differentially absorbs mass and energy until it becomes stable.
- A stable object
- converging on another object, differentially ejects mass and energy to maintain its stability.
- diverging from another object, differentially absorbs mass and energy to maintain its stability.
- An overstable object
- converging on another object, differentially absorbs mass and energy until it becomes stable.
- diverging from another object, differentially absorbs mass and energy until it becomes stable.
Accepting
that the largest gravitysheath of all is that of the Universe itself,
every object is inside the gravitysheath of larger
object. More precisely, it is within a cascade of
gravitysheaths. Thus: one of the Earth's teels is within the
gravitysheath of a nuclide and, in turn, that of the (say)
Airbus A320 the nuclide is part of, that of the
Earth, that of the
Sun, that of Sagittarius A*, that of the Local Group, and so on.
When
calculating gravitational attunement, the gravitypulls of every object
in a gravitypull cascade cannot be discounted but gravitypull
strength decreases with distance. Consequently, in any gravitational
relationship, one partner is always the more dominant - and usually by a considerable margin. Thus the
nuclide's is dominated by the Airbus A320, the Airbus A320's by the
Earth, the Earth's by the Sun, the Sun by Sagittarius A*, and
so on.
A factor that complicates any such calculations
must be noted. It is only of minor importance in gravitoids but it becomes a major factor in the behaviour of
photons (see Chapter 7). It is that altering the intrinsic mass
of an object (the number of teels it contains) also
- alters the interior mass and thus the escape velocity of its teels.
- alters the potentialenergy/kineticenergy balance of its teels and thus their vergence velocity.
Conversely,
a
second complicating factor is less important in the more massive
objects but for a gravitoid is key to its very survival. This is an
object's need to attune
itself to the velocity and density of the teelstream through which
it is moving.
MECHANICS = Teelstream attunement
In
earlier pages, for convenience, teels and teeloids have been mentioned
as being "free". In practice, nothing is "free" within the Universe.
Every object, from teels upward, is inside the gravitysheaths of a
cascade of larger objects. Being within the gravitysheath of another
object means being gravitationally dominated by that object - and
having to adjust to that gravitational domination.
It
also means having to adjust to the content of the gravitysheath. The
content is, of course, a teelhub. In a gravitoid, the
teelhub consists of gasbonded teels. In more massive objects,
the teelhub consists of
a solidbonded teelcore set inside a gasbonded
teelosphere (see Chapter 5 and beyond). The structure of such an
object when stable is:
- the teelcore
- the teelcore is stable.
- the teelcore teeloids are stable or overstable.
- the teelosphere
- the teelosphere is stable.
- the teelosphere teeloids are unstable.
The
structure of a teelcore is the teel equivalent of that of a rock.
At its least dense, its teeloids are locked into fixed positions.
At its most dense, the teels themselves are locked into fixed
position.
The structure of the teelosphere echoes the
atmosphere of the Earth in that it is formed into streams by the
spin of the object. The teelstreams may follow complex
patterns but the underlying pattern is simple: teelospheres move
around their teelcore centrifugally or axially.
- centrifugal teelospheres
- stream from the equator to the poles at high level.
- stream from the poles to the equator at low level.
- axial teelospheres
- stream from pole A to pole B at high level.
- stream from pole B to pole A at low level.
The underlying pattern is also that high level teelstreams are slower and less dense
than low level teelstreams,
* * * * *
An
object moving through the teelosphere of another does so
through teelstreams. Each teelstream has a density and a velocity.
The object is attuned to the teelstream when any teels absorbed
are matched by teels ejected and stability is maintained without
any loss or gain of energy and mass.
Ordinarily the
object is attuned if its own velocity and density matches that of the
teelstream. gravitysheath of another
may or may not pass through the teelhub because, if the object being
moved through is overstable, the teelhub is smaller than the
gravitysheath. If it passes through the teelhub it will pass through
the teelosphere because it cannot pass through the teelcore. will pass
through the dominant object's teelstreams. At any moment, the
teelstream through which the object is passing has a density and a
velocity. The object automatically attempts to attune itself to that
density and velocity.
Parameters
- An object has a velocity.
- The teelstream through which the object moves has a velocity.
- The directions of the object and the teelstream may or may not be the same.
- The speed of the teelstream is higher than that of the object.
- A teel from the teelstream enters the gravitysheath of the object.
- The teel adds 1MU and (say) 3EU to the object.
Mechanics
- The added teel collides with the object's teels, exchanging spin and speed.
- The energy of the added teel equilibrates with its neighbours and is thence distributed throughout the object.
THE SUMS
- A object with a notional 1,000,000MU and 1,000,000EU
- That gives an energy per teel of 1.0.
- The object is stable.
- Add 100 teels, each of 1MU and 10EU.
- That sums to 1,000,100MU and 1,001,000EU
- That gives an energy per teel of 1.0009
- The object is unstable
- Remove 1,113 teels, each of 1MU and 1.0009EU
- Thus sums to 998,987MU and 999,886EU
- That gives an energy per teel of 1.0
- The object is stable.
- Conclusion
- An object rendered unstable by absorbing more energy than mass from the surrounding
ADD
FURTHER SET OF SUMS SHOWING HOW LOW A LEVEL OF ENERGY CAN BE ABSORBED
WITHOUT THE NEED TO EJECT EXTRA TEELS. = THE SAME SUM SEQUENCE BUT WITH
A MUCH LOWER EXTRA ENERGY PER TEEL.
@@@@@
I REALLY AM NOT SURE THAT THE FOLLOWING IS RIGHT OR, IF IT IS, IS IT NECESSARY TO DEAL WITH IT HERE.
When
a newly formed gravitoid exits the turbine exhaust it may already be
stable although this is unlikely. If it is overstable or unstable, the
mass-energy differential comes into play and the gravitoid
corrects the situation either by retaining any teels absorbed
from the surrounding jet or by ejecting excess teels across its
gravitysheath interface.
However, a second factor intrudes
here to make gravitoid stabilisation into a multiprocess. As the
gravitoid moves away from the turbine exhaust and toward the
composite's gravitysheath interface, it is also moving away the
composite's gravitational locus: away from its quarks. Thus it is
decelerating at the rate dictated by the Gravitational Inverse
Square Law - and any deceleration in the gravitoid is also a
deceleration in its teeloids.
- When a gravitoid decelerates its interior mass interior mass increases.
- When a gravitoid's interior mass increases, it contracts
- s teelcore volume decreases.
- When a gravitoid's teelcore volume decreases, its escape velocity increases.
- When teeloids decelerate their interior mass increases.
- When a teeloids interior mass increases, the teels draw closer.
- When the teels draw closer they accelerate per the Gravitational inverse square law.
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draw closer to one another. Thus all the teels in a gravitoid draw
closer to one another and the gravitoids own interior mass increases.
In turn, this increases the gravitoids escape velocity but since the
teeloids in drawing closer also compensatorily also somewhat increase
their speed, the vergence velocity increases more.
There are only two ways that the stability condition of a gravitoid can alter:
- Through the absorption or ejection of teels.
- Through acceleration or deceleration due to its mutual gravitypull with other objects.
TWO THINGS TO CONSIDER
1. THE EFFECT ON A GRAVITOID IN MOVING AWAY FROM THE TURBINE
2. THE UNIVERSALITY
In this way, the teels in the core of the stream are moving
The compression its own
- absorbing a teel = gains the gravitoid more vergence velocity than escape velocity (and thus more energy than mass).
- ejecting a teel - loses the gravitoid more vergence velocity than escape velocity (and thus more energy than mass).
The
mechanism is present in every composite object although increases in
mass are usually accompanied by increases in complexity.
- An
unstable gravitoid = the vergence velocity is greater than the escape
velocity with the degree of instability depending on the width of the
differential.
- A stable gravitoid = the vergence velocity
is the same, or less, than the escape velocity with the degree of
stability depending on the width of the differential.
- An exactly stable gravitoid has equal vergence velocity and escape velocity.
- Thus its teels can reach but cannot cross the gravitysheath interface.
- The gravitoid absorbs a teel.
- The absorbed teel brings with it more energy than mass.
- The energy and the mass of the gravitoid increases.
- The energy increases more than the mass.
- The vergence velocity increases more than the escape velocity.
- The gravitoid is thus unstable.
- Being unstable, teels can now reach and cross the gravitysheath interface.
- One teel is ejected across the gravitysheath interface.
- The ejected teel takes with it more energy than mass.
- The energy and the mass of the gravitoid decreases.
- The vergence velocity decreases by more than the escape velocity.
- The gravitoid now has equal vergence velocity and escape velocity once more.
- The gravitoid's teels, once more, can reach but cannot cross the gravitysheath interface.
- The gravitoid is exactly stable once more.
The
mechanism is triggered into action by external factors, the first of
which is the average speed of the "free" teels in the environment
through which gravitoids move. The average can, and often
is, higher than lightspeed.
If
the average is higher than a gravitoid's escape velocity, any
teels absorbed will raise the vergence velocity relative to the
escape velocity. Achieving or maintaining stability thus requires the
gravitoid to eject more mass than it is absorbing. A prolonged
stay in such an environment will result in the gravitoid
dissipating away to nothing.
Conversely,
if the average speed of the environment is lower than the gravitoid's
escape velocity, any teels absorbed will lower the vergence velocity
relative to the escape velocity. In this situation, achieving or
maintaining stability requires the absorbing of more mass than is being
ejected. A prolonged stay in such an environment will result in a
progressively more massive gravitoid.
The second factor is the gravitypull of other objects, many of which are substantially more massive than is any graviton.
A
gravitoid moving toward a massive object will accelerate. In turn, its
vergence velocity will increase by more than the escape
velocity. If this makes the gravitoid unstable teels will be
ejected taking with them more energy than mass. A prolonged move toward
a massive object can result in the gravitoid dissipating away to
nothing.
Conversely, a
gravitoid moving away from a massive object will decelerate. In turn
its vergence velocity will decrease by more than the escape
velocity. If the gravitoid was previously stable, a prolonged move away
from a massive object will result in a progressively more massive
gravitoid.
MECHANICS = Gravitoid Creation
* * * * *
The
act of spinning requires the teels in a gravitoid to move around the
axis with some degree of harmony. This assigns positions within the
gravitoid to teels on the basis of their speed. The slowest teels are
those at the axis. The fastest are those at the equator.
The
mass of a gravitoid varies with the number of teels it contains.
Progressively increasing the mass progressively increases the speed of
the teels at the equator. With increasing speed, the violence of any
collisions increases. Increase the mass sufficiently and the teels with
the greatest speed will be thrown upward into an equatorial
column.
As the teels rise in the column, kineticenergy
transmutes to potential energy. However, teels cannot fall back down
because of the stream rising below them. High above the equator the
column splits in two with one half heading toward the north pole
and one heading toward the south.
Now the teels are away from
the column, they can fall back down, transmuting potentialenergy
as they go. At the "surface" they collide with other teels and exchange
spinspeed. The fastest teels head once more for the equator and are
again propelled into the rising column.
In this way, two
permanent "rolls" of teels are formed, one to each side of the equator,
that surround the gravitoid. Increase the mass of the gravitoid further
and the speed of the teels streaming up the column increases. Thus
the rolls extend higher above the equator and farther
toward the north and south poles. Increase the mass sufficiently and
the rolls encompass the whole gravitoid and a fullfledged
centrifugal circulation is in place.
Effectively,
the gravitoid has become two rolling teelstreams
constantly circulating from the poles to the equator at low
altitude and high speed and from the equator to the poles at high
altitude and low speed.
The stability of the gravitoid is reflected in the height above the masscentre reached by the equatorial column:
- The column does not reach the gravitysheath interface = the gravitoid is overstable.
- The column reaches but does not cross the gravitysheath interface = the gravitoid is stable.
- The column crosses the gravitysheath interface = the gravitoid is unstable and is ejecting teels.
The raw material
for the creation of a gravitoid is a fast teelstream moving around a
composite object toward the compressor funnel of the turbine.
Cross sectioned, the teelstream is coherent with a high lateral escape velocity and a low lateral vergence velocity.
Once
in the funnel, the teelstream is progressively compressed by the ram
effect of the teels behind. The compression increases the interior mass
of the teelstream and thus increases the lateral escape velocity
without markedly increasing the lateral vergence velocity.
Simultaneously
the teelstream is helically spun by the rapidly rotating quarks
that are the "walls" of the funnel. Through collisions within
the stream, speed passes outward to the peripheral teels. This
increases the density of the core of the stream and decreases the
density of the periphery. Thus the teels in the core move directly
toward the turbine choke while the peripheral teels move helically
around the core at a much higher speed.
It is within the
choke that the density of the core is at its greatest,
having a lateral escape velocity that substantially exceeds
its the lateral vergence velocity. Once through the choke and into
the exhaust funnel, the pressure is progressively reduced and the
peripheral teels are able to spread out helically. The core teels,
however, with the considerable imbalance between the escape and
vergence velocities are less able to do so.
Before the
teelstream entered the turbine, its speed was spread equitably among
its teels. On exiting the turbine, a good proportion of the speed has
been removed from the core teels and distributed among the peripherals.
The extra peripheral speed now spreads the teelstream outward leaving
the core teels bound together, extruding outward and away from the turbine.
The
extruded teelcore is longitudinally unstable and breaks up to become a
continuing stream of similarly sized fragments. The interior mass
of each fragment is such that it collapses it to become a spinning
sphere of teeloids. The turbine is emitting an expanding jet of teels
at the heart of which is a string of gravitoids.
* * * * *
This
process is essentially the same for the production of all of the
elementary fermions. That different types of particles can be produced
is dependent on the stability condition of the composite containing the
turbine. They are only produced when the composite is unstable.
The
instability of a composite increases by degrees. The effect of this is
to progressively increase the mass, the energy, and the density, or the
teelstream. At a composite's least unstable, it
produces gravitoids. Thereafter, with every increase in its
instability, the more massive and the more complex are the particles
ejected from its turbine.
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