Index

What follows is an extrapolation forward in time that considers what might happen if the Universe's supermassive blackholes continue to merge, according to the physics already established in the Malta Template. As might be expected, a goodly proportion of the Universe's gravitons are eventually drawn together by their mutual gravitypull to become a single, extremely massive, universe-dominating, blackhole - a hyperblackhole.

Strictly, the above is not a selfproof because, logical though it may be, it is not an evolution into something already empirically established. It is what happens next, however, that makes it into one. As the hyperblackhole matures, it becomes increasingly complex and this complexity leads it to explode for reasons that are already well known in the physics community. Thus the Universe ends - except that it doesn't. The explosion turns out to be just the end of a phase in the Universe's existence with the beginning of the next phase bearing a close resemblance to what we know of the beginnings of the current phase. It is not an exact resemblance however and it is the differences that make this into a selfproof. In the aftermath of the explosion, sensible explanations evolve, naturally and without forcing, for most of the conundrums that currently beset the Big Bang Standard Model:  among them, the superluminal expansion, the cosmic background radiation, big bang nucleosynthesis, quasars, and the origin of the supermassive galactic blackholes.

When circumstances allow, all objects in the Universe coalesce with others to form larger objects. We currently see galaxies coming together inside galactic clusters and it is reasonable to suppose that the merging of galactic clusters is also underway. At the centre of most galaxies there is a blackhole so the merging of galactic clusters implies the merging of their blackholes also. Carrying this supposition to its logical end suggests that much of the Universe will eventually coalesce into one extremely massive blackhole - the hyperblackhole. It won't absorb all the matter and energy of the Universe, of course, because the current accelerating expansion will carry away much of the Universe's outer reaches. 


The form of the hyperblackhole echoes that of an elliptical galaxy - M87 for example - but on a vastly larger scale. At the centre there is a solidbonded gravitoncore which is spinning extremely rapidly. The gravitoncore is surrounded by a liquidbonded gravitonocean which is, in turn, surrounded by a gasbonded gravitonosphere. Within the gravitonosphere there are galactic clusters, galaxies, globular clusters, stars, gas, and dust.

Because the gravitoncore is extremely massive, its gravitypull is extremely strong. The strength of the gravitypull is reflected in the graviton density of the surrounding gravitonocean. The gravitonocean gravitons are drawn so closely together that in a lesser blackhole they would solidbond and become part of the gravitoncore. That they don't solidbond is due to the gravitonocean's extremely high measure of kineticenergy - a measure that can be held because the gravitonocean's vergence velocity does not exceed its escape velocity.

The gravitoncore is "feeding" by gravitypulling its gravitonosphere into its gravitonocean and then, in turn, its gravitonocean into itself. This is a slow process because adding energetic gravitons to the gravitoncore makes it understable. Thus the gravitoncore is constantly adjusting its stability condition in the manner described in Part 0303 of this chapter.

The gravitoncore is also feeding on the galaxies, stars, dusts, and gases that litter the gravitonosphere. As they are drawn toward the gravitoncore, their potentialenergy transmutes to kineticenergy making them understable and disassembling them into ever smaller objects until they are just gravitons. Long before they reach the gravitonocean/gravitoncore interface, the objects become an integral part of the gravitonocean.

As the mass and thus the gravitypull of the gravitoncore increases, the gravitondensity of the gravitonocean also increases until a "changepoint" is reached. This is when the gravitondensity at the gravitonocean/gravitonosphere interface becomes so great that it prevents the absorbing of larger objects. Thus the gravitonosphere/gravitonocean interface becomes a filter.

The changepoint (Changepoint One) will shortly be followed by a second (Changepoint Two). However, since there is a spectrum of possible routes from Changepoint One to Changepoint Two, this selfproof will keep things simple by describing the routes at each end of the spectrum (Route A and Route Z) while accepting that the real route may be somewhere in between.

Route A is predicated on the notion that before Changepoint One all larger objects are disassembled into gravitons before they reach the gravitonosphere/gravitonocean interface.

As the gravitoncore continues to feed, its mass continues to grow and its gravitypull commensurately increases until a point is reached where objects larger than gravitons (microblackholes, pettyblackholes, neutrinos) can be dragged over the gravitonocean/gravitonosphere interface and disassembled within the gravitonocean. Thus, Changepoint One occurs when the gravitondensity of the gravitonocean becomes so great that objects larger than gravitons are no longer able to cross the interface.

After Changepoint One the gravitonocean/gravitonosphere interface becomes the site of a growing shell of larger objects which are kept in an extremely understable condition by the rain of gravitons falling down from the gravitonosphere above them. However, notwithstanding their extreme understability, the density of their packing continues to increase as the gravitypull of the gravitoncore continues to increase. Soon the density is such that fusion begins. Soon after the interface becomes surrounded by a shell of nucleons which, in turn, fuse to become nuclides and thereafter nuclides with increasing numbers of nucleons.

The shell of nuclides at the gravitonocean/gravitonosphere interface soon becomes a structure of shells within shells, with each shell consisting of one type of nuclide, and with the most massive nuclide shell against the gravitonocean and the least massive against the gravitonosphere. Before long, the number of nucleons in the nuclides of the most massive shells equals that of the most massive elements in the periodic table.

The extreme understability of the nuclides has kept them in a liquidbonded state but now the increasing mass of the nuclide shell, together with the increasing gravitypull of the gravitoncore raises the density so high that, beginning with the most massive nuclides, the shells begin to solidbond. Route A is now primed for Changepoint Two.

Route B is predicated on the notion that before Changepoint One nuclides of all types are able to cross the gravitonocean/gravitonosphere interface and be disassembled within the gravitonocean.

As the gravitoncore continues to feed, its mass continues to grow and its gravitypull commensurately increases until a point is reached where gravitondensity of the gravitonocean is such that the largest nuclides are unable to be drawn into the gravitonocean no matter how strong the gravitypull of the gravitoncore might be. Thus Changepoint One is when the largest nuclides are no longer able to cross the gravitonocean/gravitonosphere interface.

After Changepoint One, a shell of the most massive nuclides forms on the surface of the gravitonocean. The shell becomes increasingly dense as the gravitypull of the gravitoncore increases and soon becomes a barrier to the entry of any nuclides into the gravitonocean. This, in turn, increases, the mass of the shell which, notwithstanding its increasing density, remains liquidbonded due to its nuclides being kept extremely understable by the rain of gravitons falling on them from the gravitonosphere.

Being liquidbonded, the shell is able to stratify and soon becomes a structure of shells within shells, with each shell consisting of one type of nuclide, with the most massive nuclide shell being against the gravitonocean and the least massive against the gravitonosphere.

The increasing mass of the nuclide shells, together with the increasing gravitypull of the gravitoncore eventually raises the density in the shell so high that, beginning with the most massive nuclides, the shells begin to solidbond. Route Z is now primed for Changepoint Two. 
  

Route A and Route Z have both created the same structure surrounding the gravitonocean: a structure of solidbonded nuclide shells within solidbonded nuclide with each shell consisting of a single nuclide, and with mass of each nuclide decreasing with distance from the gravitonocean. This is not a static structure, of course, for as the mass and the gravitypull of the gravitoncore continues to increase, the density of each shell cannot help but increase. What happens next is a consequence of the different ways that different types of nuclides decay, thus:

Stable nuclides are the least massive and thus occupy the shells farthest from the gravitonocean interface while the fissile nuclides are the most massive and occupy the shells nearest to it.

Changepoint Two is triggered when the density within one of the fissile nuclide shells reaches critical mass. It may be that the whole shell goes critical or it may be just a small part. No matter for the resulting explosion sets up a chain reaction. Suddenly prodigious numbers of energetic gravitons, electrons, nucleons, and lesser nuclides, are fired in all directions to compress the surrounding nuclides. Especially, they compress the surrounding fissile nuclides, pushing them to critical mass and exploding them as well. At the same time, the surrounding radio nuclides are compressed, reducing their halflives and adding their increased emissions to the mayhem.

Not only do fissile nuclides explode outward into the surrounding shells of stable nuclides, they explode inward toward the gravitoncore. Prodigious numbers of energetic gravitons and other objects are fired into the gravitoncore, understabilising it into a hugely energetic and rapidly expanding sphere of gasbonded gravitons. At this moment the Universe is:

The expansion of the gravitoncore and the explosion of the fissile nuclides takes place inside a solidbonded crust consisting of the shells of the radionuclides and stable nuclides. This tremendous outward pressure is too much for surrounding crust to withstand and it is blasted into fragments in the same way that the casing of an exploding grenade is blasted into shrapnel.

* * * * *

The above description of the end of the Universe spurs an intriguing conjecture. What if it is not describing the end of the Universe but the end of a phase in the Universe's life? Even more intriguingly, what if is describing the beginning of the current phase in the Universe's life? What if it is describing Moment Zero?

As is emphasised repeatedly in these pages, the Malta Template's description of Moment Zero is a kickstarter that has been drawn out of the very limited number of known facts. Thus it is a device to get the Template up and running rather than a description of what really happened. That said, it requires only a little revision to incorporate the kickstarter into the above description of the end of the Universe and, in doing so, provide what may be the best picture yet of our Universe's early moments. Consider the following revisions to the Malta Template:

COSMIC PHOTONS

Immediately before Moment Zero, the gravitondensity in the gravitoncore is such that the solidbond between adjacent gravitonpairs is extremely strong. Solidbonding, however, is not a uniform state and some solidbonds are weaker than others.

At Moment Zero, the amount of energy injected into the gravitoncore by the exploding fissile nuclides is such that gravitons move, notwithstanding their solidbonding, and the gravitoncore rings with collisions. The gravitonpairs try to move apart. Those with the weakest solidbond break their bond first. When weakly bonded gravitonpairs are adjacent to other weakly bonded gravitonpairs, faultlines form. The faultlines spread rapidly through the gravitoncore, shattering it into a mix of solidbonded fragments and gravitondust.

The energy injected into the gravitoncore is such that the fragments leap away from the Ucentre at many times lightspeed. The untidiness of the breakup ensures that few fragments are on a perfectly radial course. Consequently, collisions begin immediately. Collision chaos spreads throughout the expanding sphere. Resulting from the collisions, fragments begin to spin and this, together with their nonradial courses and the transmutation of kineticenergy to potentialenergy, progressively slows the expansion of the sphere - although the expansion rate is still well above lightspeed. 

The fragments take a terrible battering as they repeatedly collide and this reduces their mass as they chip bits off each other. The collision rate progressively reduces, however, as the sphere expands and its density reduces. When the collision rate has fallen sufficiently, the fragments collapse into understable blackholes - spinning, spherical objects consisting of a solidbonded gravitoncore, a liquidbonded gravitonocean, and a gasbonded gravitonosphere. Soon, a proportion of these understable blackholes stabilise within the photonic masses and at lightspeed to become cosmic photons.

Photons only move at lightspeed. Consequently, in the expansion race away from the Ucentre, the cosmic photons outpace the slowing larger fragments that remain from the shattering of the gravitoncore. Soon, they also outpace the large fragments created in the shattering of the nuclide crust. In this way cosmic photons come to infuse the Universe as the Cosmic Background Radiation.

COSMIC ELECTRONS

The expanding gravitoncore fractures into fragments. The fragments collide with each other and begin to spin. As they spin, the fragments become understable blackholes with a gravitoncore, a gravitonocean, and a gravitonosphere. The mass of some of these blackholes is such that they stabilise as cosmic photons. The rest have either too much mass for this to happen, or not enough.

Due to the high density of the expanding gravitoncore, it may be that some adjacent pairs of blackholes never break free of each other and remain solidbonded. Or it may be that, due to the density, some blackholes are forced together to become solidbonded pairs. Either way, these blackhole pairs will normally coalesce to become a single object. Except that some don't. This is because their mass and energy measures don't allow them to coalesce. The rejectivity of their gravitonospheres is such that any approach close enough for coalescence is impossible yet at the same time they cannot escape their solidbond (this is the strong force in action). Consequently, they ride on each others gravitonospheres like pingpong balls riding on jets of water. As soon as circumstances allow, the pairs stabilise into cosmic electrons with one of the blackholes becoming an axial quark and the other a centrifugal quark. For a comprehensive description of this mechanism, see Chapter 7.

COSMIC NUCLEONS

The expanding gravitoncore fractures into fragments. The fragments collide with each other and begin to spin. In spinning, the fragments become understable blackholes with a gravitoncore, a gravitonocean, and a gravitonosphere. The mass of some of these blackholes is such that they stabilise as cosmic photons. Others stabilise in pairs as cosmic electrons. And some, perhaps, stabilise in trios as cosmic nucleons.

In the expanding gravitoncore, trios of adjacent higher mass blackholes are unable to break free of each other and remain solidbonded. Alternately, some higher mass blackholes are forced together to become solidbonded trios. Solidbonded blackhole trios normally coalesce to become one. Some trios, however, have measures of mass and energy that don't allow this to happen. The rejectivity of their gravitonospheres is such that getting close enough for coalescence is impossible. At the same time, they are unable to escape their solidbond (this is the strong force in action). Consequently, they ride on each others gravitonospheres like pingpong balls riding on jets of water. As soon as circumstances allow, the trios become neutrons with one axially structured blackhole and two with a centrifugal structure. Later, if circumstances allow, the neutrons stabilise into protons with two axially structured blackholes and one with a centrifugal structure. For a comprehensive description of this mechanism, see Chapter 8.


COSMIC GALAXIES

The expanding gravitoncore fractures into fragments. The fragments collide with each other and begin to spin. In spinning, the fragments become understable blackholes with a gravitoncore, a gravitonocean, and a gravitonosphere. The mass of some of these blackholes is such that they stabilise as cosmic photons. Some pairs of blackholes stabilise as cosmic electrons. Some trios stabilise as cosmic nucleons. 

Some blackholes are too massive to become nucleon trios. In the high density of the expanding gravitoncore, blackholes collide, coalesce, and increase their mass. Those which achieve a sufficient mass become cosmic galaxies.


THE UNIVERSE

All galaxies of sufficient mass consist of a solidbonded gravitoncore, a liquidbonded gravitonocean, and a gasbonded gravitonosphere. Within the gravitonosphere, are found its stars, gas and dust.

All galactic clusters of sufficient mass consist of a solidbonded gravitoncore, a liquidbonded gravitonocean, and a gasbonded gravitonosphere. Within the gravitonosphere are found its galaxies, stars, gas, and dust.

The Universe consists of a solidbonded gravitoncore, a liquidbonded gravitonocean, and a gasbonded gravitonosphere. Within the gravitonosphere are found its galactic clusters, galaxies, stars, gas, and dust.

• The number of fissile shells.
• The amount of fissile material in each shell.
• The amount of fissile material in each shell that actually explodes. 
• The interpositioning of nonfissile shells between fissile shells. 
• The differing amounts of energy emitted by the fission of different types of nuclide.
• The amount of energy emitted by radionuclide shells, the halflife of which is advanced by the fissile explosions. 

• Option 1   -   A high input of energy will disintegrate the gravitoncore into gasbonded gravitons. It requires the gravitoncore of the Universe to be rebuilt by accretion.
• Option 2   -   A lesser input of energy will shatter the gravitoncore into a mix of gasbonded gravitons and small blackholes. This option allows the creation of cosmic photons. It requires the gravitoncore of the Universe to be rebuilt by accretion.
• Option 3   -   A lesser input of energy will shatter the gravitoncore into a mix of gasbonded gravitons and blackholes of a wider mass range. This option allows the creation of cosmic photons and cosmic electrons. It requires the gravitoncore of the Universe to be rebuilt by accretion.
• Option 4   -   A lesser input of energy will shatter the gravitoncore into mix of gasbonded gravitons and blackholes of an even wider mass range. This option allows the creation of cosmic photons, cosmic electrons and cosmic nucleons. It requires the gravitoncore of the Universe to be rebuilt by accretion. 
• Option 5   -   A lesser input of energy will shatter the gravitoncore into a mix of gasbonded gravitons and blackholes of a very wide mass range. This option allows the creation of cosmic photons, cosmic electrons, cosmic nucleons and cosmic galaxies. It requires the gravitoncore of the Universe to be rebuilt by accretion. 
• Option 6   -   A lesser input of energy will shatter the outer gravitoncore into gasbonded gravitons and blackholes but will leave an unshattered sphere of solidbonded gravitons at the centre. This option allows the creation of cosmic photons, cosmic electrons, cosmic nucleons, and cosmic galaxies. It retains a gravitoncore.
• Option 7   -   A lesser input of energy will not shatter the gravitoncore at all.  

• Is there a gravitoncore mass below which no cosmic objects are able to form. 
• Is a specific gravitoncore mass necessary for cosmic photons to form?
• Is a specific gravitoncore mass necessary for cosmic electrons to form?
• Is a specific gravitoncore mass necessary for cosmic nucleons to form?
• Is a specific gravitoncore mass necessary for cosmic galaxies to form?

• The spinspeed of the gravitoncore.
• The spinspeed of its gravitons. 
• The potentialenergy, kineticenergy, and latentenergy of its gravitonpairs.

THE UBERUNIVERSE

Implicit in the revised Malta Template is the notion that there is a uberuniverse; an extended area of space within which our Universe is able to expand. It is also implicit that the lifespan of our Universe is greater than the period between its Big Bang and its Big Crunch/Heat Death.

In the revised Template, the exact form of the Universe before Moment Zero is unknown but there are grounds on which a logical conjecture can be built. For instance, it is likely that the Universe before Moment Zero shares characteristics with the Universe after Moment Zero. Thus it has the same laws, the same mechanisms, and the same processes. It is also likely that the process that led to Moment Zero is similar to the one currently underway.

• Nucleons are eternal if they are never subject to external forces. 
• Nucleons can be broken down into their component gravitons.
• Nucleons are broken down into their component gravitons when they are absorbed into a blackhole gravitoncore.
• If nucleons are not created in gravitoncores, any nucleons absorbed into blackholes are not replaced.
• Thus, at the end of our Universe, there are less nucleons than there are at the beginning. 

This selfproof works in that it evolves into a Universe that looks just like the one we inhabit and in doing so resolves a number of the Current Paradigm's conundrums: 

This selfproof works - but is it correct? Almost certainly no. There is so much unsubstantiated detail here that the chances of some, or even all of it, being wrong are considerable. Nevertheless, the core of the description seems comfortably right. Comfort may not be a scientific virtue but right now there is nothing else on offer.