THE MALTA COSMOLOGY TEMPLATE

Chapter 06 - Photons

PARTS

Photon Selfproofs

SELFPROOF 0613 - MICHELSON-MORLEY/KENNEDY-THORNDIKE

• The MICHELSON-MORLEY EXPERIMENT was performed over the spring and summer of 1887. It compared the speed of light in perpendicular directions, in an attempt to detect the relative motion of matter through the stationary luminiferous aether ("aether wind"). The result was negative, in that the expected difference between the speed of light in the direction of movement through the presumed aether, and the speed at right angles, was found not to exist; this result is generally considered to be the first strong evidence against the then-prevalent aether theory, and initiated a line of research that eventually led to special relativity, which rules out a stationary aether. The experiment has been referred to as "the moving-off point for the theoretical aspects of the Second Scientific Revolution". (Wikipedia - 20 Jul 2016)

• The KENNEDY-THORNDIKE EXPERIMENT, first conducted in 1932, is a modified form of the Michelson–Morley experimental procedure, testing special relativity. The modification is to make one arm of the classical Michelson–Morley apparatus shorter than the other one. While the Michelson–Morley experiment showed that the speed of light is independent of theorientation of the apparatus, the Kennedy–Thorndike experiment showed that it is also independent of the velocity of the apparatus in different inertial frames. It also served as a test to indirectly verify time dilation – while the negative result of the Michelson–Morley experiment can be explained by length contraction alone, the negative result of the Kennedy–Thorndike experiment requires time dilation in addition to length contraction to explain why no phase shifts will be detected while the earth moves around the sun. The first direct confirmation of time dilation was achieved by the Ives–Stilwell experiment. Combining the results of those three experiments, the complete Lorentz transformation can be derived. (Wikipedia - 20 Jul 2016)

• 0105-02:   That space has no properties independent of the properties of the gravitons within it.
• 0106-02:   That events taking place within the Universe enable the passage of time for the Universe to be measured. 
• 0602-01:   That a photon converging on another object is being blue gravityshifted and thus is able to maintain lightspeed.
• 0602-02:   That a photon diverging from another object is being red gravityshifted and thus is able to maintain lightspeed.
• 0602-03:   That a photon moving from a lower dynamic mass gravitonstream to a higher dynamic mass gravitonstream is being blue gravitonstreamshifted and is thus able to maintain lightspeed.
• 0602-04:   That a photon moving from a higher dynamic mass gravitonstream to a lower dynamic mass gravitonstream is being red gravitonstreamshifted and is thus able to maintain lightspeed.