The
Big Bang Standard Model is a devolutionary model that has, in the absence
of any facts that can stop it, been extrapolated back to a
Universe
with a diameter of one Planck length at 10
-43
of a second after the Big Bang. This point is a considerable distance
beyond being justifiable by facts and is almost certainly a
logictrap: an information spiral from which there is no apparent escape because essential information
is missing.
The
cosmology community may not recognise that it has created a logictrap
but it certainly recognises the conundrums that arise because of it -
things that don't seem quite right or which do not work out as they
should. One such is the
Horizon Problem. Put simply, if the
Horizon Problem is real, the Big Bang Standard Model is flawed.
The Horizon Problem is rooted in two of the Big Bang Standard Model's
assumptions. The first is that the Universe at 10
-43
of a second after the Big Bang is extraordinarily tiny. The second is
that
lightspeed is a cosmic speed limit that cannot be exceeded by
mass or
energy. If these assumptions are thought of as canon, and they
generally are, the Universe cannot be as it appears to be.
A
number of solutions have been proposed to resolve the Horizon Problem
with by far the most popular being Inflation Theory which inserts a brief
period of exponential, superluminal, expansion into the
accepted Big Bang timetable. Inflation Theory does its job. It makes
the Big Bang Standard Model run to schedule. It doesn't do it with any
grace, however, being very much a sticking plaster repair. Initially,
no reason was provided as to why the early Universe should undergo a
sudden moment of expansion. Since then a number of explanations have
surfaced although none are selfevidently true and none have any
absolute empirical proving.
The Malta Template doesn't need
Inflation Theory because the two factors that trigger
the Horizon Problem don't arise.
- Diameter: The Universe at Moment Zero cannot be reduced to a diameter of less than a Planck Length because all the objects in the Universe are either gravitons or are made of gravitons - and gravitons are subject to the Rejectivity Law
(one object cannot occupy a place in space and time already occupied by
another object of the same type). Consequently, the Universe at
Moment Zero has a notional but justifiable diameter of one billion lightyears which
is many billions of times larger than it is assumed to be in the Big
Bang Standard Model.
- Lightspeed: There is no cosmic speed limit in the Malta Template. Photons travel at lightspeed, and only lightspeed, for mechanical
reasons. Objects more massive than photons can come close to lightspeed
but can never actually reach it, again for mechanical reasons. Meanwhile,
objects less massive than photons, notably gravitons and pettyblackholes, can and do travel at and beyond lightspeed.
Immediately
after Moment Zero, the Universe did go through a period of superluminal
expansion but this was not a special event of the kind proposed in the
inflation theories. It was a consequence of laws of physics that
have
been long established and which can be tested empirically at minimal
cost.
The
Horizon Problem is a cosmological mirage in that it is set in a
Universe that, if the Malta Template is correct, doesn't exist. The two
assumptions that underpin the
Horizon Problem do not evolve into existence in the Template.
That they are strongly believed in by many cosmologists
(witness the popularity of the Inflation Theories that have been
conceived to counter them) doesn't make them right. It does,
however, make them dangerous to science because they have become
quasifacts which are: