THE MALTA COSMOLOGY TEMPLATE

Chapter 2 - Moment Zero

PARTS

Part 6 - Selfproof (cont)

• The research involved using a radiotelescope located at the South Pole (thus in superior observing conditions) to detect B-mode polarisations in the photons of the Cosmic Background Radiation (cosmic photons).
• One B-mode polarisation has already been identified in the CBR.
• This B-mode polarisation is believed to be caused by the gravitypull of matter on the cosmic photons.
• It has been predicted that an underlying and much weaker B-mode polarisation should also be present.
• This B-mode polarisation is believed to be caused by gravitywaves generated at the moment of the Big Bang (cosmic gravitywaves).
• It is theorised that the cosmic gravitywaves momentarily compressed, energised, heated the cosmic photons, imprinting them with a B-mode polarisation pattern that should still be apparent.

• Cosmic inflation, as described in the Inflation Theory of Alan Guth et al, happened.
• Gravitywaves, as described in the General Relativity Theory of Albert Einstein, do exist.
• Gravity is a quantised property.

• Cosmic inflation (see C0202 – Inflation Theory):

• The principal raison d'etre of the theory of cosmic inflation is that it it resolves the Horizon Problem (see C0204 – Horizon Problem)
• To date, cosmic inflation remains an unproved idea.
• Cosmic inflation is also an unexplained idea in that, while a number of reasons are in play as to why the Universe should have inflated, no one reason has yet become dominant and the reasons all remain unproved.
• In the event that the existence of the underlying B-mode polarisation is confirmed, it will be evidence that cosmic inflation actually happened.
• It will not be exclusive evidence however – it will not be evidence showing that cosmic inflation, and only cosmic inflation, can resolve the Horizon Problem

• Gravity waves (see C0119 – Gravitational Waves):

• Gravitational waves are ripples in the curvature of spacetime which propagate as a wave traveling outward from the source. Predicted to exist by Albert Einstein in 1916 on the basis of his theory of general relativity, gravitational waves theoretically transport energy as gravitational radiation. (Wikipedia 24 March 2012)
• The hunt for confirmation that gravitywaves exist has been underway for many years, in many parts of the world, and with a number of different types of devices.
• To date, no such confirmation has been found.
• In the event that the existence of the underlying B-mode polarisation is confirmed, it will be evidence that gravitywaves actually exist.
• It will not be exclusive evidence however – other explanations are possible for the underlying B-mode polarisation.

• Quantised gravity (see C0105 - Gravity)

• Gravity is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass. (Wikipedia 24 March 2012)
• The notion that gravity is a quantised property, that it comes in discrete packets with each packet possibly having the same measure/value, is widely held but unproven.
• Refer: graviton, dilaton.
• A theory of quantum gravity is a “holy grail” which many are seeking but no one has yet established to the agreement of all.
• In the event that the existence of the underlying B-mode polarisation is confirmed, it will be evidence that gravity is quantised.
• The nature of that quantisation however, will still be unconfirmed.

• Fundamentals

• Each type of elementary fermion is made out of a different combination of numbers of the fundamental particle:  the teel. (see Argument 0101)
• The principal properties of the teel are mass, spin, and rejectivity. (see Argument 0102) 
• Every teel is gravitationally attracted toward every other teel in the Universe at a rate proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (see Argument 0109) 
• Energy in an individual teel can be as spin, speed, or as spinspeed which is the sum of its spin and speed. (see Argument 0115) 
• Speed in a teel can be as realspeed, potentialspeed, or as totalspeed which is the sum of its realspeed and potentialspeed. (see Argument 0116)
• The Universe consists of space and teels. (see Argument 0119)
• Space has no properties independent of the properties of the teels within it and is thus nothingness. (see Argument 0120)
• The Universe at Moment Zero consists of teels drawn together to the limits of their rejectivity. (see Argument 0203)
• The diameter of the whole Universe at Moment Zero is (notionally) one billion lightyears. (see Argument 0215) 
• At Moment Zero, because the Universe is 100% dense and its energy is 100% kineticenergy, it must expand. (see Argument 0217)
• At Moment Zero, the rate at which the Universe expands is beyond lightspeed. (see Argument 0218) 
• As the Universe expands, the rate of that expansion slows as kineticenergy progressively transmutes to potentialenergy. (see Argument 0219)

• Cosmic Inflation

• As the Universe expands after Moment Zero, successive inflations begin. 
• Each successive inflation proceeds concurrently with those which began previously. 
• Each successive inflation proceeds within those which began previously.
  
• In order, the inflations are:
   
• The teel-inflation which begins at Moment Zero (initially superluminal).
• The cosmic blackhole-inflation (initially superluminal). 
• The cosmic photon-inflation (the cosmic background radiation) (initally luminal).
• The cosmic electron-inflation (subluminal).
• The nucleon-inflation (subluminal). 
• The star-inflation (subluminal). 
• The galaxy-inflation (subluminal).
• The galactic cluster-inflation (subluminal). 

• For each object (blackhole, photon, electron, etc) to stabilise, it must have less spinspeed than the object(s) out of which it is made.

• Thus the spinspeed of a stabilised blackhole is less than the sum of the spinspeed of the original accretion of teels out of which it formed. (see Chapter 3 - Blackholes) 
• Thus the spinspeed of a stabilised photon is less than that of the blackhole out of which it formed. (see Chapter 6 - Photons)
• Thus the spinspeed of a stabilised electron is less than that of the blackholepair out of which it formed. (see Chapter 7 - Electrons)
• And so on.

•  The Horizon Problem does not arise within the Malta Cosmology Template. (see C0204 – Horizon Problem)
• The teel-inflation is superluminal in that, overall, the teels move away from the Ucentre at a rate faster than lightspeed. (see Chapter 4 - Darkenergy)
• The superluminal teel-inflation polarises the cosmic photons of the cosmic background radiation as they stabilise. 
  

• Gravity Waves

• After Moment Zero the Universe is an expanding teel “medium”. (see C0201 – Big Bang Standard Model)
• Waves pass through a teel medium in the same way they pass through an air or water medium. (see C0119 – Gravitational Waves)
• Any convulsion (a supernova, a galactic collision, a sunquake, a big bang) will trigger teelwaves moving outward from the source. (see C0119 – Gravitational Waves)
• Gravitywaves as described in the Current Cosmology Model and teelwaves as described in the Malta Cosmology Template are currently indistinguishable from one another. (see C0122 - On teels)
• The teelwaves in the superluminal teel-inflation polarise the cosmic photons of the cosmic background radiation as they stabilise. 
  

• Quantised Gravity

• Gravity is the fundamental force of attraction that all objects have for each other. It has effectively infinite range and obeys the inverse square law. (American Heritage Science Dictionary) 
• Quantum:  (a)  the smallest quantity of some physical property, such as energy, that a system can possess according to the quantum theory  (b)  a particle with such a unit of energy. (Collins English Dictionary)
  
• The teel is the (notional) fundamental particle, out of numbers of which every other object in the Universe is made. (see Argument 0101)
• All teels (notionally) have the same mass. (see Argument 0103)
• All teels (notionally) are spherical. (see Argument 0107)
• All teels (notionally) have the same dimensions. (see Argument 0106)
• Teels are gravitationally attracted toward every other teel in the Universe at a rate proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (see Argument 0109)
• Thus each teel is identical to every other teel and therefore each teel is a quantum of gravity. (but see C0122 - On teels)

• Polarised Photons

• In the Malta Cosmology Template, lightspeed is a cosmic speed limit for photons but not for the teels out of which photons are made. (See C0111 – Speed)
• After Moment Zero, some teels accrete into blackholes, some of which subsequently stabilise within the photonic masses, at lightspeed, and with spin and speed in equilibrium, thus becoming cosmic photons. (see Chapter 6 - Photons)
• Photons are centrifugally structured with a solidbonded teelcore and a gasbonded teelosphere. (see Chapter 6 - Photons)
• Because photons are centrifugally structured, they can be polarised.
• The cosmic photons are polarised as they are overtaken by waves in the teel medium originating from the Moment Zero convulsion.
• This polarisation may be detectable as an underlying B-mode polarisation in the Cosmic Background Radiation.

• The BICEP2 observations are a clever way of indirectly confirming the existence of cosmic gravitywaves. 
• The BICEP2 observations are also a clever way of indirectly confirming the existence of cosmic teelwaves. 
• Which raises the obvious question:  is the underlying B-mode polarisation due to cosmic gravitywaves or to cosmic teelwaves?
• Consider this:  

• An individual teel is a quantum of gravity.
• Teels en masse become a medium through which waves can pass.
• Thus, at this level of observation, cosmic teelwaves are indistinguishable from cosmic gravitywaves. 

• If cosmic teelwaves are indistinguishable from cosmic gravitywaves, can they be considered to be one and the same?
• Consider this:                                                          

• Subsequently the cosmic gravitywaves and cosmic teelwaves are both able to polarise the cosmic photons of the CBR.
• Subsequently, the strength of the cosmic gravitywaves weakens as the Universe expands to the extent that all experiments have, thus far, all failed to detect them.
• Subsequently, the strength of the cosmic teelwaves weakens due to the loss of wave coherence and are thus (probably) undetectable. (see C0119 - Gravitational Waves) 

• Cosmic teelwaves and cosmic gravitywaves are indistinguishable at this level of observation throughout their history and are thus, to all intents and purposes, the same. 
• Where cosmic teelwaves do differ from cosmic gravitywaves is in their context.

• Cosmic gravitywaves are an integral part of the Current Cosmology Model which is devolutionary in character.
• Cosmic teelwaves are an integral part of the Malta Cosmology Template which is evolutionary in character. 

• Therefore the choice between cosmic teelwaves and cosmic gravitywaves will (or should) be decided on the basis of whether it is the Current Cosmology Model or the Malta Cosmology Template that best resolves the many conundrums that presently litter the cosmology knowledgebase. 

• The Malta Cosmology Template has no explanation for gravity. (see C0105 - Gravity)
• This is because the Malta Cosmology Template is compiled per the rules of the Bedrock Templature methodology. (see Explanatory Notes - Bedrock Templature)
• In Bedrock Templature, any assumption or conclusion has to be justified by facts. 
• From the facts currently available, the least substantial object in the Universe is the hypothetical teel. (see Argument 0101)
• Every teel is gravitationally attracted toward every other teel in the Universe at a rate proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (see Argument 0109)
• This, unfortunately, is not an explanation for gravity, merely an acknowledgement that gravity exists.

• The absence of any explanation for gravity, at the level of teels, leads to speculation that teels are not actually fundamental. (see C0122 - On Teels)

• Teels may themselves be composed of less substantial objects.
• Or, below the level of teels, space may have properties of its own which could justify the "space curvature" ideas of the Current Cosmology Model. 
• It may be that in either, or both, of these speculations there is an explanation for gravity
• Or it may not and the explanation may be found elsewhere. 

• It is worth emphasising that these are "idle" speculations, unjustified by any currently known facts. 

• Neither the Current Cosmology Model nor the Malta Cosmology Template is a true description of the early Universe.
• Each is "the best that can be drawn from its methodology, given the current state of the cosmology factbase".

• For a more detailed commentary on the deficiencies of the Current Cosmology Model, see C0201 - The Big Bang Standard Model.
• For a more detailed commentary on the deficiencies of the Malta Cosmology Template, see C0207 - On Moment Zero ....

• 08 April 2014 - page uploaded.
• 10 April 2014 - page revised to 3-section format.
• 18 April 2014 - minor amendments to text and layout.
• 10 May 2014 - minor amendments to text and layout.
• 10 DEC 2014 - Note 2 added.