SELFPROOF 0208: COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLECURRENT PARADIGM
- The COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE is the notion that the spatial distribution of matter in the universe is homogeneous and isotropic
when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to
act uniformly throughout the universe, and should, therefore, produce no
observable irregularities in the large scale structuring over the
course of evolution of the matter field that was initially laid down by
the Big Bang. (Wikipedia - 27 Apr 2017)
MALTA TEMPLATE
COMMENTARY ONE
The
strongest underpinnings for belief in the Cosmological Principal
are (1) that the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background is much
the same in all directions and (2) that there is an upper limit of
300-400 Mpc to the size of large structures in the Universe. Doubts
about both underpinnings have arisen recently:
- (1) The European Space Agency has concluded, based on data from the Planck Mission
showing hemispheric bias in 2 respects: one with respect to average
temperature, the second with respect to larger variations in the degree
of perturbations. i.e. temperature fluctuations, i.e. densities, that
these anisotropies are, in fact, statistically significant and can no
longer be ignored. (Wikipedia - 27 Apr 2017)
- (2) The Clowes–Campusano LQG, discovered in 1991, has a length of 580 Mpc, and is marginally larger than the consistent scale. The Sloan Great Wall, discovered in 2003, has a length of 423 Mpc, which is only just consistent with the cosmological principle. U1.11, a large quasar group discovered in 2011, has a length of 780 Mpc, and is two times larger than the upper limit of the homogeneity scale. The Huge-LQG,
discovered in 2012, is three times longer than, and twice as wide as is
predicted possible according to these current models, and so challenges
our understanding of the universe on large scales. In November 2013, a new structure 10 billion light years away
measuring 2000-3000 Mpc (more than seven times that of the SGW) has been
discovered, the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, putting further doubt on the validity of the cosmological principle. (Wikipedia - 27 Apr 2017)
In the Malta Template the Cosmological Principle neither arises nor applies. As regards the above underpinnings: The Cosmic Microwave BackgroundIn
the Current Paradigm, the CMB is the temperature it is because the
photons created immediately after the Big Bang have been redshifted as
the Universe has expanded. Because the underlying expansion is due to
the expansion of spacetime rather than expansion arising from a
conventional explosion, the temperature of the CMB is the
same throughout the Universe. This accords with the concept
that the Universe is unbounded. In the Malta Template, the
apparently Universe-wide temperature of the CMB is actually only
as it is seen from the Earth. The Template's Universe is bounded
in that it has a centre of gravity and a Usurface and its expansion is due
to a movement of its matter, and thus its Usurface, away from the COG. The
redshifting of the CMB photons is a conventional red gravityshifting and consequently the temperature of the CMB
decreases with distance from the Universe's COG. That the CMB as
observed on Earth appears to be much the same throughout the
Universe is accounted for by the mechanisms and
processes described in detail in Chapter Six. The Size of Structures in the Universe. In
the Current Paradigm, it has been expected that there would be an upper
limit to the size of structures in the Universe. Of late, as noted
above, structures have been detected which are larger than the expected
size. That said, whether these overlarge structures are
really structures within the meaning of the Principle is debatable. In
the Malta Template, the Universe is a naturally occurring sequence of
structures within structures. The smallest object in the Universe is
the hypothetical graviton with every larger object being made of
numbers of gravitons or of objects made of gravitons - and with the
largest object of all being the Universe itself. Surrounding every
object there is a gravitysheath. The gravitysheath of every object
bar that of the Universe itself is within the gravitysheath of a larger
object. Thus there are nuclides within the Earth's gravitysheath, the Earth
is within that of the Sun, the Sun is within that of the Milky Way, the Milky Way is
within that of the Local Group, the Local Group is within a galactic cluster,
the galactic cluster is within a supercluster, and all the way
up to everything being within the Universe. The only limit to
the size of a structure is the ability of objects to stabilise
their mechanisms and processes.
COMMENTARY TWO
Karl
Popper wrote "The cosmological principles were, I fear, dogmas that
should not have been proposed" because they make "our lack of knowledge
a principle of knowing something". In the 2nd Century AD, the
Ptolemaic system became the dominant cosmological model. It was both a
geocentric and a humanocentric model with the Earth, the home of mankind, being the centre
of the Universe. It remained the dominant model until it was replaced in the 16th/17th centuries by the
heliocentric Copernican model. At
the heart of these models is
the idea that the Universe has a centre: a special place. For the
Ptolemaic model,
that place was Planet Earth and for the Copernican model it was the
Sun. However, by the late 19th
century, a wider ranging model was beginning to take hold in
which the Universe is eternal and infinite and has no
such thing as a centre or special place. Einstein,
in creating General Relativity of 1915, felt the need to satisfy
that cosmological principle and describe a largescale
Universe that was the same in all directions and static. This
he achieved by seeing
the Universe as a form of closed cycle. Unfortunately, Hubble's later
assertion that the
Universe was actually expanding wobbled Einstein's vision somewhat
but the
introduction of the FLRW model, and then the Lambda-CDM model, squared
the circle and produced the Cosmological Principle of the Current Paradigm.
The cosmological principles have never been anything more than
assumptions. However, the version current at any time has always been
that most harmful of assumptions: a quasifact: an
assumption treated as fact in all but name, the challenging of
which will result more often than not in the marginalising of
the challenger. Quasifacts are harmful because they tend
to be
self-perpetuating with any new discoveries being interpreted
in
the light of the quasifact and thus being seen as
confirmation of the quasifact is true while
underplaying the possibility that the proof is not
absolute and that other interpretations are possible.
CONCLUSION
The
Malta Template cannot be reconciled with the Cosmological Principle.
That said, given that the Principle is more philosophic
than scientific, this inability doesn't cast much doubt on the
liklihood of the Template being the more accurate of the
two.
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