SELFPROOF 0313 - HOW BLACKHOLES MERGECURRENT PARADIGM
Another possibility for black hole growth, is for a black hole to
merge with other objects such as stars or even other black holes.
Although not necessary for growth, this is thought to have been
important, especially for the early development of supermassive black
holes, which could have formed from the coagulation of many smaller
objects. The process has also been proposed as the origin of some intermediate-mass black holes. ( Wikipedia - 14 Aug 2017)
On 14 September 2015 the LIGO gravitational wave observatory made the first-ever successful observation of gravitational waves.
The signal was consistent with theoretical predictions for the
gravitational waves produced by the merger of two black holes: one with
about 36 solar masses, and the other around 29 solar masses.
This observation provides the most concrete evidence for the existence
of black holes to date. For instance, the gravitational wave signal
suggests that the separation of the two objects prior to the merger was
just 350 km (or roughly 4 times the Schwarzschild radius corresponding
to the inferred masses). The objects must therefore have been extremely
compact, leaving black holes as the most plausible interpretation. ( Wikipedia - 14 Aug 2017)
COMMENTARY
That
pairs of blackholes are able to merge to become a single more massive
blackhole is generally accepted by Current Paradigm researchers although
the supporting evidence is circumstantial. The
gravitywaves detected by LIGO are believed to have emanated from a pair
of merging blackholes. In the Malta Template, blackholes can and do
merge. The manner of their merging lies in the
balance between their masses, their vergence velocities, and their
escape velocities. Consider these factors: - Every
blackhole has a measure of mass, which is the sum of the masses of the
gravitons it contains modified by their density. (Conclusion 0302-02)
- Every
blackhole has a measure of gravity: that is it attracts every other object in the Universe at a rate proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Conclusion 0305-01)
- Every blackhole has an escape velocity
which is the energy measure against which gravitons can, or
cannot, cross the gravitysheath interface. A blackhole's escape
velocity varies with distance from the blackhole centre of gravity
relative to it being zero at the gravitysheath interface. (Conclusion 0301-09)
- Every blackhole has a vergence velocity
which is the energy measure signified by average rate at which its
gravitons are converging on or diverging from the blackhole centre of
gravity. A blackhole's vergence velocity is always measured as at
the gravitysheath interface allowing a direct comparison with the
escape velocity. The vergence velocity of a stable blackhole is zero. (Conclusion 0301-08)
- Every blackhole is either understable (vergence
velocity higher than the escape velocity), stable (vergence velocity
the same as the escape velocity), or overstable (vergence velocity
lower than the escape velocity). (Conclusion 0303-12)
To see what happens when
blackholes merge, consider the following simplification. Take a
pair of isolated blackholes that are some distance from each other.
Each has the same measure of mass. Both are stable in that their
vergence velocities and escape velocities
are both zero. Now draw them progressively closer together:
- they become progressively more understable.
- the ejection rate increases as the closing progressively continues.
- they become progressively even more understable.
- the outer layers of the gravitonoceans progressively become gasbonded and add to the gravitonospheres.
- the solidbonded gravitoncores become liquidbonded and add to the gravitonoceans.
- the two gravitonoceans merge and form a single spherical gravitonocean.
- the two gravitonospheres merge and form a sphere enveloping the new gravitonocean.
- the new gravitonocean is understable in that its kineticenergy exceeds that which can be retained by its mass.
- the centre of the gravitonocean collapses as kineticenergy moves away from the centre of gravity.
- the adjacent gravitonpairs at the centre of the gravitonocean solidbond to form a new
gravitoncore.
- the
outer layers of the gravitonocean become gasbonded.
- the gravitonosphere expands to accommodate the additional gravitons.
- The gravitoncore stabilises.
- The gravitonocean stabilises.
- The gravitonosphere becomes as extensive as it needs to be to contain its kineticenergy.
This description
is hypothetical in that it describes the merger of two blackholes that
are in isolation. Blackholes within the Universe, of course, are never
isolated. Every blackhole has a gravitysheath and every blackhole
gravitysheath abuts the gravitysheaths of other blackholes and other objects. Thus every
blackhole is surrounded by a gravitysheath interface. This restricts
the extensiveness of the gravitonosphere and allows a constant
interchange of gravitons, and thus mass and energy, between blackholes.
The description is also a
simplification in that any merger cannot help but be more complex, not
least because there are so many variables that can affect the outcome.
As examples: the masses of each blackhole can
be different; the spins can be different; they can collide head on;
they can spiral in from a co-orbit; they can be gravitypulled by a
third object; the gravitoncores may only partially liquefy, and so
on. Something not conveyed well by the description is the frenetic pace of events
in the final moments of the merger. On a human timescale, the transmutation of the
gravitoncores from solidbonded to liquidbonded is almost instantaneous
as is the merging of the resulting pair of gravitonoceans into a single
liquidbonded sphere. Equally speedy is what happens
after the merger of the two gravitonoceans. The new single gravitonocean
is both extremely understable and extremely dense. The gravitons
collide violently and collision mechanics races kineticenergy to the surface of the
gravitonocean in waves. This has two dramatic effects. First, the
centre of the gravitonocean is stripped of much of its kineticenergy
and promptly collapses its gravitonpairs to become a new solidbonded gravitoncore. Second, the waves of
high kineticenergy gravitons erupt at the surface of the gravitonocean immediately
gasbonding a high proportion of the liquidbonded gravitonpairs. The
newly energised and extremely understable gravitonosphere blasts
outwards and continues to do so
until the whole blackhole, the gravitoncore, the gravitonocean, and the
gravitonosphere, has become stable. If
this were a real merger rather than a hypothetical description,
the hugely energetic ejecta would blast across
the blackhole's gravitysheath interface into the multiplicity of gravitonospheres
(the darkmatter)
that fill the Universe, to travel outward as waves that
progressively weaken until they at last become
incoherent.
CONCLUSION
Can
the Malta Template description be selfproved by comparison with an
empirically established reality? No - because there is
no empirically established reality with which it can be
compared. There has never been a direct
observation of a blackhole, merging or
otherwise, and nor has one been seen or created in experiments. That
leaves no choice but to compare the description to what is
probably the most
convincing circumstantial evidence - the LIGO observations of
gravitational waves. The
LIGO team declares it has detected gravitational waves: ripples
in the
fabric of spacetime. The Malta Template declares that what has been
detected are gravitonwaves moving through planet
Earth's gravitonosphere. The
two descriptions are different and this could lead to the conclusion
that one must be right and the other must be wrong. That would be
superficial conclusion, however, for the difference is more
of alternate terminologies than alternate realities. In the one, the Universe is an expanse
of spacetime
which is distorted by the
presence and the actions of matter. In the other, it is an expanse
of space within which gasbonded gravitons form into the
gravitonospheres (the darkmatter) that surround solidbonded objects. Different words but much the same picture. In that the Template description, naturally and without
forcing, evolves a phenomenon that has been detected by the LIGO team, it
selfproves. However, as regards the wider picture - that of what happens when
blackholes merge - there are too few facts for a conclusion to be
honestly drawn. The best that can be said is that the description doesn't
go against any established facts, uses only empirically
established physics, and needs only the simplest of mathematics.
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