THE MALTA COSMOLOGY TEMPLATE

Chapter 06 - Photons

PARTS

Photon Selfproofs

SELFPROOF 0604 - COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND

• The COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost isotropic, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral hydrogen atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time  (Wikipedia - 12 Jul 2016)

• 0203-03:   That the diameter of the whole Universe at Moment Zero is a notional one billion lightyears.
• 0204-02:   That at Moment Zero, because the Universe is 100% dense and its energy is 100% kineticenergy, it must expand. 
• 0204-03:   That at Moment Zero the rate at which the Universe expands is beyond lightspeed.
• 0204-04:   That as the Universe expands, the rate of that expansion decelerates commensurately with the progressive transmutation of kineticenergy to potentialenergy.
• 0601-02:   That as the early Universe expands, increasing numbers of understable blackholes become stable.
• 0601-03:   That as the early Universe expands, a proportion of its understable blackholes stabilise as cosmic photons. 
• 0602-02:   That a photon diverging from another object is being red gravityshifted and thus is able to maintain lightspeed.
• 0603-01:   That every cosmic photon reaching the Earth today has moved away from the Ucentre and is thus red gravityshifted from the wavelength at which it first stabilised.
• 0603-02:   That the cosmic photons stabilised to vertical and horizontal blackbody scales with coinciding intensity peaks.

• PARADIGM:   the Universe at the moment of the Big Bang had a diameter of less than a Planck Length.

• TEMPLATE:   the Universe at Moment Zero had a notional diameter of one billion lightyears. 

• PARADIGM:   the early Universe "inflates" faster than lightspeed for reasons currently unknown.

• TEMPLATE:   the early Universe expands faster than lightspeed because of its high measure of  kineticenergy.

• PARADIGM:   a photon is a quantum of energy. 

• TEMPLATE:   a photon is a small centrifugally structured blackhole that has a solidbonded gravitoncore, a liquidbonded gravitonocean, and a gasbonded gravitonosphere. 

• PARADIGM:   a photon moves at lightspeed because this is a form of cosmological speed limit imposed on it by Special Relativity.

• TEMPLATE:   a photon moves at lightspeed for mechanical reasons.