SELFPROOF 0402 - THE COSMOLOGICAL
CONSTANTCURRENT PARADIGM
- THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) is the value of the energy density of the vacuum of space. It was originally introduced by Albert Einstein in 1917 as an addition to his theory of general relativity to "hold back gravity" and achieve a static universe, which was the accepted view at the time. Einstein abandoned the concept after Hubble's 1929 discovery that all galaxies outside the Local Group (the group that contains the Milky Way Galaxy)
are moving away from each other, implying an overall expanding
universe. From 1929 until the early 1990s, most cosmology researchers
assumed the cosmological constant to be zero. Since the 1990s,
several developments in observational cosmology, especially the
discovery of the accelerating universe from distant supernovae in 1998 (in addition to independent evidence from the cosmic microwave background and large galaxy redshift surveys), have shown that around 68% of the mass–energy density of the universe can be attributed to dark energy.
While dark energy is poorly understood at a fundamental level, the main
required properties of dark energy are that it functions as a type of
anti-gravity, it dilutes much more slowly than matter as the universe
expands, and it clusters much more weakly than matter, or perhaps not at
all. The cosmological constant is the simplest possible form of dark
energy since it is constant in both space and time, and this leads to
the current standard model of cosmology known as the Lambda-CDM model, which provides a good fit to many cosmological observations as of 2016. (Wikipedia - 16 May 2016)
MALTA TEMPLATE
- 0103-01: That every graviton attracts every other graviton in the Universe at
a rate proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- 0103-04: That every gravitonpair has energy which is the movement its gravitons, due to their mutual gravitypull.
- 0403-05:
That until 5 billion years ago the expansion rate of the
Universe's blackhole core progressively decelerates.
- 0403-06:
That from 5 billion years ago the expansion rate of the
Universe's blackhole core progressively accelerates.
COMMENTARY
Albert Einstein's cosmological constant was
an artificial antigravity that aligned his Theory of General
Relativity with then current paradigm which was that the Universe
was eternal and infinite. That it was so easily removed
from General Relativity, once it became obvious that it was unnecessary, only serves to emphasise its
artificiality. The modern version of the cosmological constant is also an antigravity but on a
more parochial scale. Due to its gravitypull, the rate of the expansion
of the Universe began decelerating at Moment Zero and should be
still decelerating today. Observations, however, suggest that 5
billion years ago the expansion rate began to
accelerate. To account for this, the cosmological constant idea has
been resurrected, suggesting that the whole of space is infused with "vacuum energy". Although
the modern version of the
cosmological constant is as theoretical as Einstein's was, it
has a more substantial scientific underpinning and is used to
explain unrelated, experimentally observed,
phenomena like spontaneous emission,
the Casimir Effect, and the Lamb Shift. * * * * * The
Malta Template describes the evolution of the Universe from Moment
Zero to
the present day, incorporating all the confirmed darkenergy
observations without any need for a device
like the cosmological constant. In the Template it is the gravitypull
of the Universe's gravitonocean and the gravitonosphere that powers its currently increasing
expansion rate. * * * * *
It
is interesting that, in seeking to explain the increasing expansion
rate of the Universe, a hypothetical vacuum energy was proposed -
interesting because it is also found in the Malta Template albeit
carrying other names. It has nothing to do with the Universe's
increasing expansion rate but its existence does help explain other
observed phenomena. Consider
these parameters:
In
the Current Paradigm, the vacuum of space
has measures of energy which are beyond our ability
to detect directly but which can in some circumstances be
brought into "our"
Universe. In the Malta Template, the vacuum of space is filled
with gravitonpairs which are beyond our ability to detect directly but
the energy of which can in some circumstances be brought into "our" Universe. Effectively, the
vacuum energy which powers the modern cosmological constant, and the
gravitonpairs which are the fundamental energy of the Universe, are
different descriptions of the same thing - and reconciling the two is
more a
matter of having the desire to do so than of having to
overcome enormous obstacles.
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