THE MALTA COSMOLOGY TEMPLATE

Chapter 03 - Blackholes 

PARTS

Blackhole Selfproofs

SELFPROOF 0301 - BLACKHOLE

• A BLACK HOLE is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon. Although the event horizon has an enormous effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, no locally detectable features appear to be observed. In many ways a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is on the order of billionths of a kelvin for black holes of stellar mass, making it essentially impossible to observe. (Wikipedia 23 Apr 2016) 

• ARGUMENT 0101-01:     That each type of elementary fermion consists of a minimum of two gravitons.
• ARGUMENT 0102-01:     That every graviton has these properties:   mass, spin, and rejectivity.
• ARGUMENT 0103-01:     That every graviton attracts every other graviton in the Universe at a rate proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
• ARGUMENT 0301-03:     That every gravitonpair is adjacent or unadjacent.
  ARGUMENT 0301-04:     That every graviton is adjacently gravitonpaired with at least twelve other gravitons simultaneously.
• ARGUMENT 0301-08:     That every adjacent gravitonpair has a vergence velocity.
  ARGUMENT 0301-09:     That every adjacent gravitonpair has an escape velocity.
  ARGUMENT 0301-10:     That every adjacent gravitonpair is overstable, stable, or understable.
• ARGUMENT 0302-01:     That every blackhole is a minimum of three gravitons matrixed to each other as three adjacent gravitonpairs.
• ARGUMENT 0303-01:     That every blackhole is solidbonded, liquidbonded, or gasbonded depending on the stability condition of its adjacent gravitonpairs.
  ARGUMENT 0303-02:     That every blackhole of sufficient mass stratifies its adjacent gravitonpairs into a solidbonded gravitoncore, surrounded by a liquidbonded gravitonocean, surrounded by a gasbonded gravitonosphere.

• Rejectivity doesn't feature in the Current Paradigm but it should because every object, with no exceptions, adheres to the Rejectivity Law which is that: one object cannot occupy a place in space and time already occupied by another object of the same type. The Pauli Exclusion Principle echoes the Law but is limited in its application. 

• Pettyblackholes have a mass that is less than is less than that of a photon.
• The gravitons in the least substantial pettyblackholes are not stratified. 
• The gravitons in the most substantial pettyblackholes are stratified into a gravitoncore, a gravitonocean, and a gravitonosphere. 
• Pettyblackholes are produced by understable electrons and understable protons during restabilisation.
• Pettyblackholes MAY form independently in the right conditions - this possibility requires further consideration.
• The more understable the producing electron/proton, the more massive the pettyblackholes they can produce. 
• Pettyblackholes are ejected from their producing particle faster than lightspeed.
• Pettyblackholes have no mechanism to regulate their speed and so will accelerate and decelerate with changes in the strength of the local gravity field. 
• Pettyblackholes attune their mass and energy with the dynamic mass of the local gravitonstream.
• Pettyblackholes are eternal when stable.
• Pettyblackholes are rarely stable for long due to changes in the strength of the local gravityfield, and to variations in the dynamic mass of the local gravitonstreams.  
• Pettyblackholes can dissipate if they are understable for long enough.  
• Pettyblackholes are easily absorbed by more massive objects. 
• Pettyblackholes are a substantial fraction of the mass of the Universe's darkmatter but it is not a static fraction. 

• Photons are blackholes that move at lightspeed and are within the photonic masses.
• The gravitons in a photon are stratified into a gravitoncore, a gravitonocean, and a gravitonosphere.
• Photons are produced by understable electrons and understable protons during restabilisation. 
• Photons are produced in the plenums of understable electrons and understable protons.
• Photons are more massive than pettyblackholes.
• Photons stabilise as they exit the plenum at lightspeed and within the photonic masses. 
• Photons maintain lightspeed by differentially altering their mass and energy to counter changes in the strength of the local gravityfield and by attuning with the dynamic mass of the local gravitonstream.  

• Quarks are blackholes that are pairbonded as electron nuclei, and triplebonded as nucleon nuclei. 
• The gravitons in a quark are stratified into a gravitoncore, a gravitonocean, and a gravitonosphere. 
• Quarks are of different types, differentiated from each other by their mass, energy, and the structure of their gravitonospheres. 
• Quark gravitonosphere structure can be axial or centrifugal.
• Quarks are understable blackholes which decay when released from the nuclei.
• Quarks are maintained in a permanently understable condition inside the nuclei.
• Quarks in a nuclei are bonded together by the strong force.
• Quarks bonded by the strong force are held together by their mutual gravitypull and held apart by the mutual rejectivity of their gravitonospheres. 
• Quark nuclei are produced by forcing blackholes together in high pressure plenums.
• Electron nuclei are produced in the plenums of understable protons.
• Electrons are produced by understable protons during restabilisation. 
• Neutrons are understable.
• Neutrons decay to protons by changing the axial/centrifugal ratio of their quarks.
• Protons have no known halflife.
• Nucleon nuclei production requires a high pressure plenum or a region of high pressure.
• Proton nuclei, per Big Bang theory, were created in the early Universe from a hot, dense, photon gas.
• See Selfproof 0311 for additional, hypothetical, solutions to the origin of protons.

• Stellar blackholes result from the gravitational collapse of large stars. 
• The gravitons in a stellar blackhole are stratified into a gravitoncore, a gravitonocean, and a gravitonosphere.  
• Overstable and stable stellar blackholes add mass and energy by absorbing gravitons and suitable objects made of gravitons. 
• Stellar blackholes can collide but whether this results in any form of break up or merger requires further consideration. 
• Stellar blackholes can form gravitybound pairs which coorbit each other.
• Stellar blackholes MAY be able to form blackholepairs conditioned by the strong force although this possibility requires further consideration. 
• The blackholes in a stable stellar blackholepair are both understable.     
• A stable stellar blackholepair has a strong axial charge.

• Galactic blackholes are the supermassive blackholes at the gravitational centre of most (and possibly all) large galaxies. 
• The gravitons in a galactic blackhole are stratified into a gravitoncore, a gravitonocean, and a gravitonosphere. 
• Overstable and stable galactic blackholes add mass and energy by absorbing gravitons and suitable objects made of gravitons.
• The gravitonosphere of Galactic blackholes is often populated with visible baryonic matter, either as a disc or as an envelope.
• The gravitonosphere of galactic blackholes is larger than the discs or envelopes of visible baryonic matter.
• In the Current Paradigm, the dearth of intermediate-mass blackholes is considered to suggest that galactic blackholes have a formation process that is different from that of stellar blackholes. 
• See Selfproof 0311 for a hypothetical, solution to the origin of galactic blackholes.